I don't think it would have been political suicide. The program was (presumably, I don't know the exact history) classified so the vast majority of people didn't know about it, and people who did wouldn't be able to talk about it publicly. It likely wouldn't have come out before his next election. Despite dropping the bomb he was very unpopular and wasn't expected to win a second term. Also, several of his top generals (Eisenhower and MacArthur) weren't in favor of using the bomb, and people have a tendency to rationalize whatever authority figures choose so people may very well have defended Truman as strongly as they do today.
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