top | item 12440883

How Much More Can We Learn About the Universe?

116 points| ernesto95 | 9 years ago |nautil.us | reply

69 comments

order
[+] agentgt|9 years ago|reply
I'm curious how many people think about the Universe and how frequently. I think about it all the time and I'm not a physicist. Probably a solid 30 minutes a day usually before falling asleep. Almost religiously (ironic).

I have tried to talk about it with my family and friends but so many of them just don't seem to have the passion for it. Some times I feel even seriously guilty wasting so much energy thinking/reading about it. Sometimes even wondering if I'm even in right profession (even though I do love technology).

My current theory is that it just my personality type (INTP).

[+] chriswarbo|9 years ago|reply
> Some times I feel even seriously guilty wasting so much energy thinking/reading about it.

It's your energy, so if you find it worthwhile then that's all that matters.

I sometimes feel the same way regarding my passion for computer science, when there are so many immediate problems in the world (energy production, food/wealth/opportunity distribution, war, etc.).

The good news is that you're having such guilty thoughts at all; that makes you more conscientious than if you didn't! You're also devoting that energy to a meaningful topic, compared to cultural norms like sports, celebrities, fashion, etc.

If you feel like there's nothing to show for your efforts, maybe you could try writing down some of your thoughts. They wouldn't have to be "correct", as long as they're intellectually honest; that would provide a progression of ideas, offer insight into the learning process, etc. and maybe you can look back over them to either find inspiration in ideas you'd forgotten, or be able to look at your old questions and know that you've found answers to some of them.

[+] czep|9 years ago|reply
I get it too. It's incredibly soothing and comforting to contemplate the vastness of space, the amazing features of this reality we barely comprehend and in which we live for a flicker of an instant. Whenever I'm stressed, all I need to do is look up at the night sky, or read wikipedia articles about quasars, dark matter, stellar wind, the event horizon of supermassive black holes, how galaxies can pass through each other without any of the billions of stars ever coming close to hitting each other.

It comforts me in a "the problems of two little people don't amount to a hill of beans" kind of way.

Oh, and another INTP here :)

[+] no1youknowz|9 years ago|reply
I think about it all the time as well and I am thankful for these types of videos [1].

What I think about most, is how awesome it is to be alive right now. Where this video (and others like it) tell me about the universe and what discoveries have been found.

At the end of this video, I am always wondering that if the Universe is as big as they claim. There must be discoveries waiting to be found that we can't even comprehend!

Sometimes I find myself wishing we had probes that could be much faster than they are now. Instead of taking decades to go to the edges of our solar system, it takes months.

Maybe within 50 years, by the end of my lifetime. We'll start to see images from Alpha Centauri and beyond. That I am hoping for!

[1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoW8Tf7hTGA

[+] enrmarc|9 years ago|reply
I do it every day, although my background in maths/physics is not enough to do it "the scientific way". There is one topic I'm constantly thinking about: "Where is the data, e.g. the mass of a planet, stored in our universe?".

I guess this question arise because of my computer science background (algorithms + data = universe?) and because even simple formulas like the Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation deals with data (e.g. the mass of a planet). So, where is that number stored so the universe know how to apply its formulas (laws, algorithms)? I know these laws we have are just models of our reality that are getting more precise over time, but I can't help but think that at the end our universe has to do "some calculations" and has to deal with data (numbers). I know three devices that can store information: our brains, our DNA, and our computers. The color of our eyes are stored in our DNA, but the mass of a planet is not stored anywhere?

As I've said, my limited maths/physics background doesn't let me think about the universe the right way. I'm just a dilettante. And sorry for my English.

[+] nkrisc|9 years ago|reply
I do quite often. Sometimes when I think about the entirety of the universe (at least the one we are aware of) I start to wonder what I'm doing here at my job, or what are any of us doing existing at all? I can't help but think what's "outside" the universe (a very human and naïve way of thinking), what's the meaning of it all? I conclude there isn't any meaning, then I recalibrate my mindset and return to caring about all the meaningless things in my brief life.
[+] mindcrime|9 years ago|reply
I did, a lot, when I was younger. My original plan out of high-school was to major in physics, stay in academia, get a phd, do research, etc. That got derailed when I took a computer programming class, and for most of the past couple dozen years I haven't spent as much time thinking about physics and cosmology.

Just recently though, I've kinda had my passion for that stuff renewed (can't say why, though). I've been reading a lot of books on physics and cosmology again and spending a lot of time thinking about things like "what is 'space'" and the like.

The biggest regret I have is that since I did not major in physics after all (and dropped out of school before graduating in c.s. anyway), I never got the level of certain things (especially maths) I would need to really understand physics at the deeper levels. I can read and largely understand books written for lay-people, like your average Brian Greene or Michio Kaku book, but I can't really go to arxiv.org and read the papers in the physics section.

It's frustrating, but at the same time, the field I chose has been good to me and it affords me enough money and free time to sit around reading physics books now and trying to learn/re-learn stuff I always wanted to learn.

[+] CoryG89|9 years ago|reply
Personally, I have always had a love for physics (especially physics I can't really understand). If I hadn't gone into software, physics would have been it for me.

Perhaps I will study physics after I retire or if I ever get tired of software.

I don't ever really feel guilty about thinking about physics though. If someone can't feel free to at least think about what they want, then what freedom do you really have at all?

[+] nathan_f77|9 years ago|reply
Yes I have phases where I spend a lot of time thinking about things like this. But there's only so much you can think about on your own, so it's important to keep reading and talking about it with others. Right now I'm enjoying "The Vital Question". I also enjoy writing

I've also heard that Myers-Briggs personality types are not very useful or reliable, but for what it's worth, my personality type is INFP.

[+] unexistance|9 years ago|reply
1. Now you know you're not alone :)

2. For me, it's more like lingering in the back of my mind, always thinking / imagining in terms of space-time continuum & the math related to it

3. I'm always trying to go to the next step, by learning the math (or the concept anyway), and quantstart[0] seems to be helping

[0] https://www.quantstart.com/articles/How-to-Learn-Advanced-Ma...

[+] calgoo|9 years ago|reply
Don't worry, there are lots of us. Currently I chat with people on some twitch channels that are dedicated to space games. We watch launches together and comment and talk about space.
[+] udkl|9 years ago|reply
Do you think about the universe or your place in the universe and why you are here ?

If it's the latter, I read somewhere a long time ago that these thoughts are caused due to a temporary chemical imbalance (serotonin I think) in the brain. Can't find the source right now, but something worth adding to the conversation.

[+] vectorpush|9 years ago|reply
Most people think about it, it's just that most people process these ideas through the filter of religion.
[+] Esau|9 years ago|reply
I spent this past weekend reading about Heat Death Of The Universe and Black Dwarf stars.
[+] cgriswald|9 years ago|reply
I think about it constantly, but I've had an interest in astronomy and cosmology since I was a small child and I'm currently studying astrophysics at university.
[+] agumonkey|9 years ago|reply
Black matter and finiteness come back on a regular basis in my mind.
[+] gregfjohnson|9 years ago|reply
Some of the great developments of th 20th century were proofs of limits, of what cannot be achieved even in principle: for example the incompleteness theorem and halting problem, and the uncertainty principle.

IMHO, there is an "abstraction boundary" that limits what humans can ever know even in principle. There are some phenomena that are inherently "unabstractable". We may know that a glass of water has a wave function, but we will never know the particular wave function of any glass of water ever.

The phenomena in our universe that we can "understand" are those that can be modeled, those for which abstractions can be created that will fit in our brains. There may well be phenomena in the universe (or elsewhere) that are not amenable to modeling in any way that is compatible with human cognitive machinery.

[+] dredmorbius|9 years ago|reply
Several other limits as well:

Extending to the 19th century and you'll find a few more limits to knowledge and capabilities.

1. Einstein, general reletivity, and the speed of light as an absolute limit.

2. Thermodynamics, and the limits imposed by entropy.

3. Rankine and Carnot expressing the limits of efficiency of heat engines.

4. Claude Shannon and the limits of information density over a communications channel.

5. Hubbel's expansion constant and the size of the observable Universe.

6. Moore and Wright with (empirically-derived) principles of production efficiencies.

7. M. King Hubbert, and limits to the total amount of petroleum in the US and world.

8. Meadows, et al, and the potential limits to human growth. Somewhat rough, but clearly finite.

9. Keeling and limits to atmospheric absorption of CO2 without producing significant climate change.

(Not all of these limits are fully accepted, though I've strong reasons to believe they're well founded.)

[+] trhway|9 years ago|reply
>Some of the great developments of th 20th century were proofs of limits, of what cannot be achieved even in principle: for example the incompleteness theorem and halting problem, and the uncertainty principle.

these are internal limits of the models they are confined to - reminds about the Achilles and the tortoise paradox before availability of the limit/differentiation/integration tools.

>We may know that a glass of water has a wave function, but we will never know the particular wave function of any glass of water ever.

once the model of wave functions gets obsolete, the question itself wouldn't make sense. Such inability to brute force the calculation of such wave functions is one of the reason driving the more deep thinking in science.

[+] visarga|9 years ago|reply
Not just an abstraction barrier, but also a working memory limit of maximum 7-8 objects at a time. We're limited in more than one way in how much we can understand.

If we ever discover AGI, I think we will begin a new discipline, called "AGI studies" where humans try to understand what it discovers, to keep up. But the hard part would be to develop the most efficient concepts in order to understand even what it has to teach us. How do you communicate with an intelligence vastly superior to yours? Maybe the AGI will also develop the concepts and language necessary to communicate its findings to us.

[+] fluxquanta|9 years ago|reply
>There may well be phenomena in the universe (or elsewhere) that are not amenable to modeling in any way that is compatible with human cognitive machinery.

Could these phenomena collectively be considered a "higher power"?

[+] hashmp|9 years ago|reply
Maybe someone can chip in here but I was under the impression virtual particles didn't actually exist, they were just used to simplify our understanding of particle interactions.

The uncertainty principle hasn’t gotten in the way of learning the rules of quantum mechanics, understanding the behavior of atoms, or discovering that so-called virtual particles, which we can never see directly, nevertheless exist.

After recently getting to grips with QFT it seems there aren't actually any particles, just fields which are excited at certain locations giving the impression of particles.

[+] snowwrestler|9 years ago|reply
I believe the Casimir Effect is usually taken as proof that virtual particles physically exist.
[+] criddell|9 years ago|reply
If you keep reducing, I think you end up a Tegmark's mathematical universe.
[+] AnimalMuppet|9 years ago|reply
There was a time (just over a hundred years ago) when people thought that there was nothing more to learn about the universe. There were just these two little problems that needed explained...

Now, that was because they thought they understood everything there was to know, not because they worried that there were limits beyond which they could not know. But, as the article says, trying to guess how much we will learn (or not learn) in the next, say, 100 years, is a very hazardous business.

[+] Roboprog|9 years ago|reply
Glad to hear about testing for gravitational waves. That's really the first observation I have heard about that covers anything older than the cosmic microwave background radiation.

Otherwise, who is to say that the universe didn't start out as a somewhat lumpy (not too much, not tool little) blob of gas measured with a few K's (thousands of kilometers across and a few thousand/million degrees Kelvin -- k of Km x k of K)? You can run the numbers back to a geometric point, but what would that even mean without observations of some kind to prove or disprove it?

[+] Roboprog|9 years ago|reply
... vs the idea that "inflation" is mentioned as the way to get a mostly, but not quite, smooth universe which (as an article of faith???) MUST have started as a geometric point.

How would you rule out "one day there was a blob"? (which is really a crummy hypothesis, but as something to throw out vs inflation -- "for a while, relativity didn't apply, but then it did, because space itself decided to grow, until it didn't, so there!")

[+] craigching|9 years ago|reply
Anyone know what galaxies are in the "Colliding Galaxies" image?
[+] tdy721|9 years ago|reply
Here you go: http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap041121.html

> Billions of years from now, only one of these two galaxies will remain. Until then, spiral galaxies NGC 2207 and IC 2163 will slowly pull each other apart, creating tides of matter, sheets of shocked gas, lanes of dark dust, bursts of star formation, and streams of cast-away stars. Astronomers predict that NGC 2207, the larger galaxy on the left, will eventually incorporate IC 2163, the smaller galaxy on the right. In the most recent encounter that peaked 40 million years ago, the smaller galaxy is swinging around counter-clockwise, and is now slightly behind the larger galaxy. The space between stars is so vast that when galaxies collide, the stars in them usually do not collide.