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No link between eating dinner after 8pm, obesity in children

132 points| devinp | 9 years ago |sciencebulletin.org | reply

148 comments

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[+] jelliclesfarm|9 years ago|reply
It's probably a cultural thing. In India...We ate after 8 all the time. 6.00 is when you get the last installment of caffeine..as tea or coffee. But then again, we were not allowed to come back home until after sunset. Play outside till sunset, homework time afterward, dinner and then a little walk/tv time and then off to bed. Elsewhere...Asian outdoor markets thrive until midnight. In my suburban town in America, everything is dead by 8. It's a tad depressing actually.
[+] Mikeb85|9 years ago|reply
I think it's weather related. In most countries that have late night outdoor markets, temperatures are unbearably hot during the day, and comfortably warm at night.

In much of North America, half the year is only tolerably warm during the day.

[+] balladeer|9 years ago|reply
Another Indian here. I don't know if, ever, I have had dinner before 8 in my entire life here or maybe not even before 9pm. I mean I am sure I would have a couple of times but I just can't remember. Dinner for us meant the thing you do before you sleep.
[+] seanmcdirmid|9 years ago|reply
They thrive past midnight. Especially in more southern locales in the summer, when it isn't even reasonable outside until after 8. Changsha, Guangzhou, Wuhan, etc....
[+] juancn|9 years ago|reply
Duh! A large chunk of the world eats dinner after 9pm and obesity rates are lower or the same than other countries.
[+] erelde|9 years ago|reply
Spain and the south of France comes to mind as examples.
[+] nmat|9 years ago|reply
I only remember a handful of times in my life where I ate dinner before 8pm. 20h30/21h is the usual time for dinner where I live.
[+] SmellTheGlove|9 years ago|reply
Seriously. Southern Europe is pretty thin - and Italy, Spain, Southern France all eat late.
[+] Mc_Big_G|9 years ago|reply
Why is it so hard for us to accept that obesity is due to overeating? Also, the myth that exercise is the key to losing weight won't die.
[+] smhost|9 years ago|reply
I have a friend who eats 3000~4000 kcals with no exercise and he is as thin as a stick. I have another friend who is a complete couch potato and eats junk food all day with no exercise, and he looks like a gym rat.

I think a lot of the magical thinking surrounding weight loss is because there's no one-size-fits-all solution, so people make up patterns in their heads and believe them to be true.

[+] dclowd9901|9 years ago|reply
You're right and you're wrong. The problem is we don't even know what "overeating" is yet on an individual basis. Some people can pack away thousands of calories a day, not do a lick of exercise, and be fine. Others (like me) have to severely restrain their eating (to say less than 1500 calories a day) to prevent weight gain.

Once we figure out how to accurately measure basic metabolic process, we'll have gone a long way toward figuring out this woeful conundrum.

[+] kolinko|9 years ago|reply
The question is what causes overeating. With some people it's obviously bad habits, but we also know that thyroid problems, anxiety, adhd and other brain issues can cause overeating.
[+] overgard|9 years ago|reply
This kind of attitude is just FUD -- nothing can be learned from adopting your point of view, because you're convinced the problem is "solved" and not worth discussing, yet your assertion is not proven.

Also even basic metabolic science disproves your claim. If your immune system attacks your pancreas and damages your ability to produce insulin you will lose weight even if you stuff your face constantly, and if you inject insulin you will have trouble burning fat even when you have low glucose levels.

What I don't understand is why people cling to this weirdly puritanical belief obesity is purely the sin of gluttony when its clear scientifically that weight gain and loss are controlled by hormones

[+] dxhdr|9 years ago|reply
> accept that obesity is due to overeating?

That's a tautology, the question is why. What causes overeating and why do some people have great difficulty with it?

It's clearly not as simple as thinking to yourself, "I'd like to eat just enough today such that I don't overeat." Why are some bodies able to regulate caloric intake and others aren't?

[+] dgfgfdagasdfgfa|9 years ago|reply
Because you can't describe metabolic needs with an implicit, seemingly obvious(!?) limit to how many calories you need of which types.
[+] hourislate|9 years ago|reply
Because the cause of obesity is not that simple to diagnose. There are many factors that contribute to obesity. Over eating is just one.

But I do agree with you that exercise has little to do with losing weight and can be counter productive when trying to lose weight.

[+] AznHisoka|9 years ago|reply
it may not lead to weight gain but is still healthy to eat late dinners?

If you have chronic acid reflux (GERD), eating late makes it worse (acid comes back up when you lie down after a meal)

Eating late can also lead to worse sleep as your body is spending energy digesting food rather than repairing itself.

Personally I feel much more refreshed the next day, when dinner is around 6pm and when it is the lightest meal of the day. Practical issues aside, i cant think of any health benefits eating a late dinner.

[+] watwut|9 years ago|reply
Obviously, if you feel bad after late dinner, it is healthier to eat sooner. That does not mean healthy people needs to follow the same restrictions.

FOr many of us, late dinner does not cause problems.

[+] danneu|9 years ago|reply
Finally, an article to link to my girlfriend when she finds me eating ice cream at 3am. It's a stretch, but I'm easily convinced after 8pm.
[+] flexie|9 years ago|reply
Surely you're not a child, Danneu.
[+] mrcnkoba|9 years ago|reply
There obviously is a link between the span of eating and your weight. But it's not as big, when you eat large quantities of food.

If we are talking about obesity it means that it took years to put someone in that state. Eating 300-500 of unhealthy kcal less, by decreasing the eating span just delays the problem.

I do agree though, that the shorter eating span the better. It's called intermittent fasting and there are promising results coming out from research on that.

[+] giarc|9 years ago|reply
There was a paper published recently (within last year or two) that looked at the time between first meal and last meal of the day in mice. In general, they found that the shorter time between first and last meal had a significant correlation on weight loss. For example if the time between breakfast and dinner was 10 hours instead of 14 hours, the 10 hour mice weighed less than the 14 hour mice, even on the same diet.

I can't find the citation right now but if I do I will edit the comment.

[+] ouid|9 years ago|reply
I'm commenting to express interest in that citation, and will go looking for it myself if you don't find it.

If I had to bullshit a mechanism, I would say that, for well fed mice, activity increases with the amount of time since the last meal, so mice on the early dinner diet would be more active in the mornings before breakfast.

To test this, I would see if I could get the effect to go away by feeding mice as soon as they woke up, and then 10 or 14 hours later.

[+] projektir|9 years ago|reply
> For example if the time between breakfast and dinner was 10 hours instead of 14 hours, the 10 hour mice weighed less than the 14 hour mice, even on the same diet.

Doesn't this contradict calories in - calories out?

[+] theparanoid|9 years ago|reply
Another way of saying intermittent fasting works.
[+] hourislate|9 years ago|reply
My opinion is the amount of time spent eating (and not when you eat) is a major contributor to lower obesity rates. When you spend more time chewing and conversing, you seem to eat less and get fuller. Typically you can't even finish your meal.

In NA we eat to quickly not giving our brain and stomach time to send the proper signals of fullness. Try it sometime, take a typically portion and spend 20 minutes not eating more than half of it. You probably won't be able to finish it.

[+] matwood|9 years ago|reply
And they are all tricks to eat less.
[+] angry_octet|9 years ago|reply
"The lead author of the study, Dr Gerda Pot, is a Visiting Lecturer in the Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division and is also based at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. She said: ‘The findings of our study are surprising. We expected to find an association between eating later and being more likely to be overweight but actually found that this was not the case. This may be due to the limited number of children consuming their evening meal after 8pm in this cohort."

So the study is far too small to have the power to come to surprising conclusions, and should probably be retracted.

Also, Science Bulletin has very annoying popovers that will drive the audience away.

[+] balladeer|9 years ago|reply
So the last time I had put on weight (an accident -> was bedridden for long) I decided to fix my food intake along with running and sports. One advice I received from a dietician was that have dinner at least 2 hours before you go to bed and I followed it. I don't know whether it was other things that worked too or only others worked but I felt a clear difference in my fitness, sleep pattern ("very" uninterrupted), digestion, and mood when I woke up the next morning.

On a side note, when I was S Korea - dinner happened at 5pm and I could never get used to it :-)

[+] sandworm101|9 years ago|reply
When else are they going to eat?

I was once a serios competative swimmer (think top 100 in the US). If i ate between school at say 4pm and training at 5, that dinner would have been floating down the lanes. After 8pm was the only option. (Same for breakfast. Eat after training, on way to school.) Properly active kids eat when they can. Nobody should skip exercise or other activity for the sake of some silly 1950s eating schedual.

[+] lloydde|9 years ago|reply
I was a small kid and my kids are small. I've always found late dining to be uncomfortable as I'm too hungry. Thankfully, it isn't cultural in the areas of Canada and USA where I've lived.

Does anyone have any experience where adopting later dining improved happiness or health? What changes did you make? How did you adopt it?

[+] watwut|9 years ago|reply
Assuming late dinning is sinning after 20:00, we adopted it in the summer. It definitely improved hapiness, because we did not had to watch the time and could leave playground when we felt like leaving it. (Our playground even had wifi for parental hapiness. Kids were happy to be with friends.) It is safe to assume the health got better too, because we had more sun and kids had more exercise.

We adopted it by not feeling like leaving and taking food with us.

[+] ZanyProgrammer|9 years ago|reply
I'm curious-everyone who is doing the contrarian "But I never eat before 8pm/whatever"-where do you live? Also its a bit of a straw man to make 5pm your early eating time-I usually eat between 6 and 7-is that abnormally early? I also tend to get to work earlier and leave earlier as well.
[+] Oletros|9 years ago|reply
I live in Spain and we have dinner at 20:00, almost all my friends and family have dinner between 21:00 and 22:00.

My Italian family have dinner at 19:00

[+] nocomments|9 years ago|reply
meh.. in asian countries its a norm to have late dinner and go to bed after that. Doesn't make the kids fat.
[+] blowski|9 years ago|reply
Perhaps there's a spurious link - the kinds of families who eat after 9pm are also the kinds of families who eat too much.

Maybe. I have zero evidence, not even a circumstantial anecdote. But perhaps that's where theories like this come from.

[+] dxbydt|9 years ago|reply
The article cites major caveats - 1. Cohort size of children eating after 8pm is much smaller than before - mostly because the kids are in bed by then ( they are looking at 4-10 year olds ) 2. Self reported Food Diaries are seldom accurate. 3. This study is the first of it's kind.

Supper timing is majorly correlated to weight gain, especially if most of the calories are from carbs. Simple rules like NCA5 or NCA6 ( no carbs after 5pm ) easily influence weight loss in teens & adults. I wouldn't try this hack with 4-10 year olds, but once you are in the teens, it is a nice simple body hack.

[+] Reedx|9 years ago|reply
Obesity isn't about when you eat, it's about what you eat and how much.
[+] ouid|9 years ago|reply
How much you eat might have been related to when you eat. No one here is seriously advocating that energy is not conserved.
[+] foxfired|9 years ago|reply
I think the problem is not really about eating late, but more of eating a large meal and going to bed right away.

I don't know about it making you gain weight, but I know I wake up tired and my heart rate tracker shows it being much higher then usual.

[+] iopq|9 years ago|reply
Still not a problem. Whatever makes you eat the least will let you control your weight. For some people, it might be not eating before bed, for others it may not matter.
[+] soufron|9 years ago|reply
Who eats before 8pm ?!? O_o

What kind of country are they talking about?

[+] ashark|9 years ago|reply
Young kids need ~11-12 hrs of sleep a night. They have to get up at about 7:00AM (because WE have to get up then) so bedtime is fixed at 7ish. Bedtime routine takes 30-45 minutes. We don't want to have a separate dinner for the kids. Plus we need kid-free time to keep the house in something resembling order. So of course we have early (~5:30) dinner.

How do families in 7:00-9:00 dinner start time countries handle this?

[+] cderwin|9 years ago|reply
Presumably America? Almost everyone I know regularly eats dinner between 5:30 and 7:30.