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Sickness absence associated with shared and open-plan offices (2011)

317 points| villaaston1 | 8 years ago |ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

194 comments

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[+] louprado|8 years ago|reply
PSA of the day: With practice you can learn to delay your sneeze by a second or two. That gives you time exhale all the air from your lungs so the sneeze has minimal power[1].

Tilt your head down too and with further practice you can learn to open your throat in order to minimize air velocity.

[1] Source: me, a former obnoxiously loud sneezer that always dismissed it as an unavoidable and comical physiological quirk because I am too big and manly to sneeze quietly. It isn't, it wasn't, and I'm not.

edit: added a step.

[+] tcfunk|8 years ago|reply
Expecting that people should control their sneezes is a ridiculous cultural norm.
[+] pavel_lishin|8 years ago|reply
This is the first time it's occurred to me that other people cannot control their sneezes.

I've had the occasional "where the hell did that come from?" sneeze, but they're a rare exception, maybe a few times a year. I cannot fathom not being able to control something like a sneeze; to me, it would feel like not being able to control farting, coughing or talking.

[+] debaserab2|8 years ago|reply
Counter PSA: Did you know that your body is sneezing for a reason and taking all the air out of it may be counter productive and actually lead to more sneezing?
[+] baxtr|8 years ago|reply
Oh wow, that sounds like great advice. I’m a regular 3-times sneezer for no obvious reasons, often in office building. I figured it may be related to an allergic reaction to those office floor carpets (that or I’m allergic to working as such).

Since my sneezing is super loud I am looking forward to trying this technique soon! Thanks for sharing

[+] logfromblammo|8 years ago|reply
I can sneeze without exhaling at all.

Of course, I am afraid of what this does to my blood pressure, and whenever I do it, I start thinking that one day I'm going to burst a blood vessel while sneezing like that.

Comes in handy if you have a photic sneeze reflex, though.

[+] oh_sigh|8 years ago|reply
Just sneeze into the crook of your arm. It stops the spray and muffles the noise.
[+] therealdrag0|8 years ago|reply
If I have to sneeze I usually just bend over and sneeze at the ground a foot away. Is that any good?

But I prevent sneezes by controlled in-out breathing and gently pinching/rubbing my nose.

[+] pqhwan|8 years ago|reply
Something better; pinch your nose when you're about to sneeze. This kills the sneeze immediately.
[+] nils-m-holm|8 years ago|reply
Noise, permanent distraction, regular interruption, no privacy, and people spreading germs all over the place. No wonder that people get sick! I would rather be poor than work in a shared office one more time. (I have experienced both, so I know what I'm talking about.)
[+] protonfish|8 years ago|reply
I was just reading about a "Mars study" where 6 people were in close quarters for 8 months to examine the behavioral effects of a long-term space mission. https://www.apnews.com/bafab7eaf7be45d388f11ef81e7f15d8/Mars...

The article didn't say much about the results, other than:

> We’ve learned, for one thing, that conflict, even in the best of teams, is going to arise

I immediately though of my experience with open office plans.

[+] rdtsc|8 years ago|reply
I never worked in an open office (not for long, we had an open area) but worked in a 4 person office and agree with you. The stress of being constantly interrupted and not able to finish the work, can reasonably be assumed to lower the immune system and make people sick.
[+] throwanem|8 years ago|reply
So have I. I wouldn't.
[+] JustSomeNobody|8 years ago|reply
And higher stress levels from working in open offices.
[+] Toast_25|8 years ago|reply
How is it like in the US? I've mostly had positive experiences in open offices (except for an annoying co-worker or two), but then again, I've never had my own office, only worked from home a few times.
[+] mattrices|8 years ago|reply
This makes me wonder how many of those additional absences in open plan offices are due to depression / introverts recoiling in horror rather than increased biological pathogen transmission.
[+] ams6110|8 years ago|reply
That was my thought. When I worked in large open "bullpen" office I certainly did "take a sick day" from time to time just because I could not stand the thought of spending 8 hours in that environment on that day. I was never actually sick any more often than normal during that time.
[+] realbarack|8 years ago|reply
It's definitely not just introverts either—me and a number of friends are not introverts per se but definitely take advantage of WFH whenever possible just to have some privacy and a break from the chaos.
[+] bretpiatt|8 years ago|reply
Too many variables to isolate on this study to provide proof that correlation equals causation. Even with the isolating they've tried to do with the 95% CI the range is:

1 Person Office: 1 (They didn't report a range here)

2 Person Office: 1.13-1.98 sick days

3-6 Person Office: 1.08-1.73 sick days (LOWER than 2)

6+ Person Office: 1.30-2.02 sick days

Great item to study further. This isn't scientific proof of anything. As a solo worker you may come in to the office when sick as well since you don't have to worry about getting anyone else sick and so many other variables they didn't control for make this interesting but far from proof.

Direct PDF link to full study: http://www.sjweh.fi/download.php?abstract_id=3167&file_nro=1

[+] wott|8 years ago|reply
There is a perfect positive correlation between smoking + alcohol consumption and health!

1 person: heavy smokers 15%, drinkers 16%

3-6 pers: heavy smokers 13%, drinkers 16%, sick leave +36%

2 pers: heavy smokers 10%, drinkers 15%, sick leave +50%

> 6 pers: heavy smokers 9%, drinkers 13%, sick leave +62%

Please drink and smoke more to fight sickness.

[+] masnick|8 years ago|reply
Note that they don’t report a confidence interval for the one-person office because it is the baseline for the other rate ratios. (This is generally how the baseline group is identified when reporting ratios in journal articles.)
[+] dragonwriter|8 years ago|reply
Assuming social conflict as well as physical health is a driver, the local peak at 2 makes perfect sense.
[+] aanastasov|8 years ago|reply
You've quoted rates not absolute values.
[+] brightfog|8 years ago|reply
I don't think it's about open-offices or not: Work environments just don't reflect work anymore.

There isn't any rational reason for knowledge workers to go to an office every day. Socializing and building a cult around a company might be the only reasons. But IDK if these are enough to justify an office.

There must be another solution we aren't aware of yet.

[+] aedron|8 years ago|reply
No remote working solution comes close to in-person collaboration, in my opinion. I can explain someone something in probably less than half the time in person than over some electronic link-up.

I'm not sure what it is (lack of body language? Lack of shared physical presence and tools?) or if it can be remedied by better technical solutions (it's possible), but it's the reality right now.

[+] AlanSE|8 years ago|reply
I don't think you can really undersell the cult-building aspect, in addition to the psychological factors, which are heavily intertwined.

Co-working spaces have actually been rather successful in outsourcing these factors - both the cultism and the necessity for human interaction. Not every company needs its own brand of Kool-aid, especially when the cultural attraction of many tech companies is indistinguishable from the industry as a whole. It may be beneficial to have core values that are shared among a cluster of companies, and reap some advantages of scale that brings with it.

[+] p-funk|8 years ago|reply
You can be a knowledge worker and have a job that involves working on physical product / working with equipment you can't take home with you.
[+] geff82|8 years ago|reply
Just a personal observation: when I first moved into a giant-open plan office in 2015 in a big German company, I got significantly more sick. It was horror. Also, bathrooms were unusually crowded, probably helping spread diseases. Since then, it seems my body got a bit used to it and I am sick less often. But is is still more than the times before.

What might also increase days that people are not there: at least in our office we actively encourage people not to come back from sickness soon. We urge them to stay at home to avoid spreading disease further. While I personally might come back to a single office after 2-3 days, as I can't that easily infect other people in my private office, I stay away for a week more often now.

[+] zebraflask|8 years ago|reply
This fits with my experience. My department has some cubicle farms and some shared but much more private office suites. The cube farm people are always getting sick. Somebody comes in with a cough and promptly spreads it. It then can take weeks before there's a week without somebody sick.

Getting people to stay home when they are sick has been harder to implement than you'd think. I've tried with my work team. A number of the developers are from cultures that have what I would call a very stubborn "must work at all costs" mentality. It can take some persuasion (berating?) to get some of them to see that taking a sick day doesn't make them a "bad worker," but showing up sick, getting other people sick, and pushing buggy code because they're sick does.

[+] sjcsjc|8 years ago|reply
It would be interesting, but perhaps not terribly useful, to see how sickness absence varies between contract and permanent staff. In the past, when contracting, I have dragged myself to work when feeling dreadful.
[+] EvanAnderson|8 years ago|reply
Dealing with illness and work is something that's important for everybody but I think it's something contractors (or other non-salary workers) need to be especially cognizant of.

I've been contracting for the last 13 years. I've had a few occasions where I feel I "worked through" a period of illness too enthusiastically and ended up making myself feel worse and lengthening the illness. Knowing that you need to bill, and therefore need to work, is tough to balance against stopping work to get better. It's been a tough lesson for me, but I try very hard to slow down or even stop work when I'm sick.

On the last occasion I really tried to "power through" an illness (with a persistent bad cough and even more persistent sore throat) I started thinking about Jim Henson's death. That made me slow down. Nothing is worth that.

[+] make3|8 years ago|reply
that's funny, at work (a large, well known & appreciated software company) contract workers take pride in coming to work at 11h+ or just not coming in unless really required
[+] skj|8 years ago|reply
The title makes it seem (to me) like they're finding that open plan offices reduce sickness.

But they're not reporting on the absence of sickness, but rather absence due to sickness, which they found occurred at a higher rate in open offices.

[+] sqldba|8 years ago|reply
The latter is how I understood it.
[+] scbrg|8 years ago|reply
Where are you from? I'm guessing that how you interpret the title might depend on your native language/dialect.

Judging by the names of the authors, I'm guessing they're mostly Danish, or at least Scandinavian. As a native speaker of another Scandinavian language (Swedish), I understood the title as it was intended, but I'm not sure if the phrase "sickness absence" is the best way of expressing "absence due to sickness" to a native English speaker.

[+] kross|8 years ago|reply
Root cause: bad sickness/time off/work from home policies.
[+] fizgig|8 years ago|reply
I think this is a big part of it. I currently have 15 PTO days per year, which includes sick leave. If I'm feeling off, I'll ask if I can work from home, which I always get denied (which is odd, since I do after-hours maintenance and on-call incidents remotely).

So rather than piss away PTO, I dose up on drugs and drag my ass to the office. If I had dedicated sick leave, I'd just take the day off. But this miserly PTO policy results in me hoarding it.

[+] nautilus12|8 years ago|reply
Do they determine that people just take more sick days because they need some level of privacy while they work or because they are actually are getting sick more often? I would think its the former, tbh
[+] arjie|8 years ago|reply
Table 2: median days of sickness in single person offices in last year: 1.0. Median days of sickness in 6+ person offices: 2.0. Respective means are 4.9 and 8.1.
[+] quantumhobbit|8 years ago|reply
Let’s not forget that it often makes sense to call in sick just to be able to complete work that requires concentration in a quiet environment.
[+] ivanjovanovic|8 years ago|reply
I am curious if sickness increase is caused by mental aspects of sharing the office or the transmittable diseases factor. Authors didn't get into these details the from what I see by briefly looking at the whole paper.
[+] fairview14|8 years ago|reply
I'm working full remote. My sickness absence is almost 0%, only a few days last year due to a flu.
[+] icebraining|8 years ago|reply
I'm working in an open plan office. My sickness absence last year was zero.

That's anecdotes for ya.

[+] imglorp|8 years ago|reply
Recognizing the ongoing discussion we keep having here about office planning, what other meaningful open plan research is laying around? Re productivity, roi, job satisfaction, creativity, etc?
[+] tpudlik|8 years ago|reply
Please note that the study defines any office space shared by more than 6 people as "open plan". Also, although there's a (statistically) significant difference between 1 person offices and "open plan", there is no significant difference between 2 person offices and"open plan".
[+] hedonistbot|8 years ago|reply
62% more days of sick leave is an acceptable trade off for most employers. If the alternative is a separate office for everyone, the rent expenses will be more than the paid leave loss. And the only thing upper management cares about is the bottom line. So in a sense, increased productivity in the economy is partially paid by our degrading health. That's not something often mentioned in the Economics text books.
[+] SAI_Peregrinus|8 years ago|reply
When I get sick, I wear a surgical mask. You can buy them at any drugstore. You might get weird looks, but explaining that I'm sick and don't want to spread it usually turns those into thanks. It's apparently common/expected to do this in Japan, it would likely help if the practice spread elsewhere.
[+] TaylorGood|8 years ago|reply
My two years in corporate america was open floor; side by side plus in front of you. When someone was sick, it usually took down the people sitting within the quadrant. Since there wasn't sick days, everything was under PTO and Vacation > Recovering at home. Just not a good system.