[T2_t2]

Is the problem then the search for a solution that works 100% of the time? I don't see any solution not having a downside, except maybe a UBI, and that's, lets be honest, just way too expensive.

I think superannuation (or 401K in US parlance) with a means tested pension backstop is the most likely to be successful, simply because it removes this sort of shenanigans, and at scale becomes a really boring industry where shonksters are less likely to exist (NOTE: LESS not ZERO) but still has a social backstop for people that just don't ever get it.