While it wouldn't support fuel use akin to fuel burning electrical sources on Earth, there are endothermic methods to pull molecular oxygen out of C02. In addition to the water electrolysis already mentioned, C02 can be partially reduced to carbon monoxide with artificial photocatalytic systems, or solid oxide electrolysis (with electrical input instead of solar input). Electrolysis would be counterproductive for primary energy, but rocketry only needs stored energy rather than primary. Otherwise, plants doing photosynthesis in a greenhouse could use C02 from outside the greenhouse. Photosynthetic production of oxygen would have side effects of useful agriculture, but that would be difficult to set up early in a Mars settlement effort.
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