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Tools for Better Thinking

1092 points| mmoez | 5 years ago |untools.co

135 comments

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shahbaby|5 years ago

I've found that the most underrated problem solving tool is simply typing out my thought process.

I used to be the type who asked a lot of questions until I realized that formulating the question was often more important than getting the answer.

typicalbender|5 years ago

It's amazing how much a technique like rubber ducking[1] helps to work through issues. The number of times I've felt like I have no idea how to solve a problem until the moment after I ask someone else is incredible. I think the act of thinking how to explain the problem to someone else really helps trigger the problem solving side of the brain. That and the number of times taking a 10 minute walk has been more productive than hours of debugging time is frankly mind boggling.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_duck_debugging

dathanb82|5 years ago

When asking for help solving a problem, I start writing a question to ask someone, and then as I start explaining what I've tried (to try to be respectful of their time and them not have to repeat anything I've done) more and more things to try occur to me. By the time I've tried all the things that occur to me while describing the problem, I've solved the problem. That's the way it works out more often than not.

doctoboggan|5 years ago

On more than one occasion I've started typing my question on stack overflow. I try to do my due diligence so I don't look like an idiot on the internet, and usually as I am anticipating responses I end up trying something that solves my problem.

Pandabob|5 years ago

This. I've gotten a new appreciation for Stackoverflow in the past year or so.

Half of the drafts I write do not end up as published questions, just because the writing process itself is often helpful in figuring out what ever problem I have with my code.

cjsawyer|5 years ago

You can’t answer the question until it exits!

ivalm|5 years ago

I have this experience. If I am struggling with something and can’t find an answer on the web I will write down a stack overflow/cross validated/math question. More often than not simply formulating the question well will help resolve the problem. If I still can’t figure it out I post and come back in an hour. Again, even if no one answered rereading the question after making some space often helps answer the question to myself.

drcongo|5 years ago

Yes! I've lost count of the number of times I've started a ticket on GitHub and through the process of typing it all out solved my own problem without ever submitting the ticket.

izzle49|5 years ago

Yep I have been doing the same too, writting out and drawing out things to get it out of my head and onto paper seems to help quite a bit.

KrishMunot|5 years ago

The universe has all the answers, what matters is the questions you ask

localhost|5 years ago

This is a really nice presentation of these ideas.

However, I think that the Decision Matrix idea is too complicated: specifically the part where he advocates adding a weighting to each factor being considered to arrive at a numerical score.

At Microsoft, some of us use a system that I like to call the "Abolade decision making framework." It's the same idea, but instead of assigning weights to factors, we simply rank them. Additionally, the factors are expressed as positive attributes and an option either has that factor or it doesn't. A factor could be "Has vibrant colors" or it could be "Less than $10" for example. The type of a factor is Boolean :)

The goal is to generate a table with the options presented as columns and the factors presented as rows. You spend a lot of time as a group figuring out what the factors are, and then you spend a lot of time ranking them. Once you have agreement, you start working on the options. The winning option is one where you have the longest continuous line of check marks for each factor starting from the top.

Smart people, of course will try to game this system to choose their preferred outcome ... you need to be vigilant about this :)

khimaros|5 years ago

Is there somewhere I could read further about the Abolade framework? I can't seem to find any good resources from a quick web search.

inetsee|5 years ago

There is a book titled "Thinkertoys: A Handbook of Creative-Thinking Techniques". The last edition was published in 2006, so it's fairly dated by now. I found it very interesting back then, but it wouldn't have much about more recent tools or ideas.

There is a summary of the book here https://www.ethos3.com/books/thinkertoys-a-handbook-of-creat...

seesaw|5 years ago

+1. I found one in my local library few months back. It breaks down the process to solve a problem and lists different approaches. It is a good read.

playing_colours|5 years ago

TRIZ (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIZ) “theory of the resolution of invention-related tasks”. It was invented in Soviet Union. TRIZ is basically a toolset to analyse and solve engineering problems; it can help with “inventing“ tasks.

The system is well developed and quite sophisticated with a variety of techniques and approaches. I found this book to be a good introduction: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/TRIZ+for+Engineers%3A+Enabling+I...

petra|5 years ago

Have you found it useful to non-mechanical problems?

diggan|5 years ago

Lovely idea and presentation! Will come very handy at times.

Something I feel like is missing: Statecharts. Very powerful to be able to reason about state changes without having to deal with the explosion of states that state machines often ends up with. Sometimes also called hierarchical state machines.

OctopusSandwich|5 years ago

Do any of these tool actually help people in everyday life?

Self-help is good but sometimes I wonder if people who yap about all these tools all the time even get anything substantial out of it.

Jakob|5 years ago

The tools on the linked website are very basic which are used on a daily basis:

"Issue trees": Write your problem down "First principles": 5-whys, which you do e.g. in a post mortem "Second-order thinking": think of mid- and long-term consequences "Connection circles": side-effects

You maybe think about mental models of which there are a lot (https://fs.blog/mental-models/) and there are some cargo cults and fancy words around them.

They have their right to exist though, e.g. I really like to end a meeting early because of the law of diminishing returns. :)

kevindeasis|5 years ago

Like the pareto principle, there's a small amount of mental models that you'll find really useful in a recurring basis.

some of them might be helpful in rare situations

Rochus|5 years ago

Outliners are definitely missing, such as https://github.com/rochus-keller/crossline/. You can structure your thoughts while you type, even while you're talking to other people. And you can make cross-references and make appear thoughts (or action items and such) in other places using translucent active links. Or copy/paste structured text from the web or aggregate links with notes, etc.

satoshikenzo|5 years ago

"An important aspect of learning about strategies is the conditional knowledge of when and why to use them appropriately" (Krathwohl et al.)

I wanted to compile a similar list of strategies myself, however I couldn't quite understand when to apply them. After some research, my view is that to understand when to apply these general thinking/problem-solving strategies, one needs to know the goal of the task and the cognitive processes involved i.e. it requires conditional knowledge which is part of metacognition.

Wonderful list though!

koolhead17|5 years ago

Reading autobiography of Benjamin Franklin makes me feel we don't need tools but willingness within. He had a notebook and pen with him.

adrianN|5 years ago

Just because some people can multiply large numbers in their head, that doesn't mean that other people won't benefit from a pocket calculator.

HourglassFR|5 years ago

To be fair, a notebook and a pen are fantastic thinking tools. You maybe could argue that the tools provided here are not that useful but thinking tools in general are a necessity, Daniel Dennet makes some compeling arguments for this.

"You can't do much carpentry with your bare hands, and you can't do much thinking with your bare brain". — Bo Dahlbom

enchiridion|5 years ago

I think this speaks to the idea of rubber ducking.

I think a fair amount of problem solving ability is at the boundary of the internal and external.

Of course this is imprecise scientifically, but hopefully the idea is clear.

arcticfox|5 years ago

Ohh...I love this. I have a handful of these internal tools that I picked up over these years, but I never knew where to find more (or really, consciously thought to look for more). Now I have a bit of a roadmap.

The ones I do have are so valuable that even if I get one more effective one off this list, it will be one of the best things I do this year.

alexashka|5 years ago

One important aspect of human thinking is the need to form narratives to make sense of the world.

We don't live or think in abstract algebra or abstract heuristics. We live and think in a world-view in which problems arise and for each problem, we have a set of potential solutions, often unconscious.

This website has good information - it just doesn't do a good job of organizing them into a coherent narrative.

It's not enough to know what probability is, if you never think to use it to ask the question what are the chances one religion out of thousands that all claim they are the only true religion, is actually the true religion?

One of the big issues of modern society is people being taught/given disconnected bits of information, without a guide on how to fit them into a coherent narrative. This isn't done by accident and a lot of people have given it a great deal of thought - some call it post-modernism.

cercatrova|5 years ago

I like the concept, I see many sites like these. However, who actually uses these in a day to day situation? It feels like these thinking models need to be internalized in more than just a superficial way to get any real use out of them, and I wonder if a book or course wouldn't integrate better with one's mind.

x32n23nr|5 years ago

Side note: Also, nice minimal site. Refreshing to see well-designed, clean sites this days.

raspyberr|5 years ago

You should get into the habit of actually checking the network requests. The site looks minimal but it's 1.1MB w/o Google analytics. It's what Maciej Cegłowski(https://idlewords.com/talks/website_obesity.htm) would call Chickenshit Minimalism.

M5x7wI3CmbEem10|5 years ago

does anyone know a simple app that allows hyperlinking within notes? I want to create a roam-style knowledge base, but most tools are too heavy for my purposes. I prefer to keep things cross-compatible and future proof with .txt or .rtf, but to my knowledge, neither allow hyperlinking to documents

rukuu001|5 years ago

Hate to be that guy but... org-mode :)

I use it as an outliner, to link to documents (using org-roam), and liberally sprinkle TODOs among the notes, which the agenda picks up.

Took a while to get comfortable with it, but it's totally worth it.

mrshu|5 years ago

If you do not mind a bit of setup, I have found Vim in combination with VimWiki (https://github.com/vimwiki/vimwiki) a very good fit for this scenario.

It supports markdown formatting, does hyperlinks pretty well (even jumping back and forth is quite nice), is as cross-compatible as Vim and stores the notes in future-proof .md files.

I suggest you give it a shot.

marvinblum|5 years ago

Hm that's hard to accomplish with simple text files. You can checkout Emvi [1]. That's not exactly what you're looking for but you can link everything using the @ key and export to HTML and markdown.

[1] https://emvi.com/

codemac|5 years ago

org-mode allows linking within notes.

jxy|5 years ago

Use acme from plan9port. Every file is automatically a link.

flarg|5 years ago

zim desktop wiki

Enginerrrd|5 years ago

Depends what you mean by "heavy", and what platform you're looking for. Vimwiki maybe?

gexla|5 years ago

Why not Roam?

Takch|5 years ago

jDownloader vielleicht ....

ddelt|5 years ago

I love reading about and visualizing about mental models. This site is great for quickly and concisely internalizing them! Thank you for making it!

Another great resource for folks who like reading about these: https://fs.blog/mental-models/

I've actually read the mental models series of books put out by the above author, and I also highly recommend those for a deeper dive.

pantulis|5 years ago

Sometimes it's been useful for me to use the tool used to state the problem as a guidance framework during the thought process.

So you could try to state the problem in a very structured way (say, a spreadsheet) and at the same time in a visual way (say, a presentation slide deck). Of course some people are better using one type than the other but that's where the trick relies: forcing yourself to think in a way that is not your "natural" way of thinking.

drewcoo|5 years ago

So an "iceberg model" is about trends and patterns over time? That's adding a dimension to the iceberg's ocean and I think the analogy breaks. Usually icebergs are to describe partial occlusion.

Also alarming is that in the example for that model QA is something that happens post-release. If so, I expect quality to be a looming iceberg.

blackrock|5 years ago

I use markdown.

VSCode has a nice plugin for it. And so does a few other editors.

It’s simple, and easy to use. Pure text, and allows you to do some formatting. Especially, the code preview.

This allows me to brainstorm, and just type out random things at will. And I can reorganize it later.

And when I want to read it, then I switch on the viewer, and all my text is nicely presented.

mosselman|5 years ago

Did you even look at the link?

imvetri|5 years ago

Just meditate, please do not load more pain to head. The article shares some good techniques, use the same techniques using pen and paper and it is healthier.

P.S. Its a personal preference, I'm not trying to put down the tool, its great and can be used as a training material for better thinking.

awill88|5 years ago

This is great. I find I often do these things at work (such as second order thinking) but have never attempted to encapsulate it or differentiate from other ways of looking at things. Thank you for sharing.

timhigins|5 years ago

Whenever I see something like this or other "mental model" tools, I just think: soon this will be obsolete, as the human who used to make decisions in a given job is replaced by AI.

uk_king|5 years ago

Looks fantastic! I like the Iceberg model.

modzu|5 years ago

the scientific method