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South African Brothers Vanish, and So Does $3.6B in Bitcoin Exit Scam

179 points| Aissen | 4 years ago |bloomberg.com | reply

138 comments

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[+] azinman2|4 years ago|reply
I wonder if in the history of banking the first banks had this much fraud with normal currency? Or is this just specific to Bitcoin? It feels like the stats now are just where by default everything with Bitcoin is (eventually) fraudulent and honest services are the exception.
[+] dragontamer|4 years ago|reply
There's a reason why the middle ages had a huge number of coins. A mint could be trustworthy for a generation as some Noble family takes care of it with high degrees of trust. (Usually proven amounts of silver in each coin, for example)

Then the wrong child becomes the leader of the family and and bam, they start reducing the silver weight and replacing the coins with cheaper metals and the entire trust in that coin disappears.

And that ignores issues like the Conquistadors coming back from the new world with literally tons of gold / silver and royally messing up the gold / silver coinage economy.

[+] nerfhammer|4 years ago|reply
The US has had periods where banks or even corporations could print their own money.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcat_banking

It wasn't fiat money, they were deposit notes representing gold or silver. And while outright fraud wasn't much of an issue since physical banks can't just disappear and leave town overnight, if the bank collapsed the currency would probably not be redeemable anymore.

[+] cowvin|4 years ago|reply
I mean a currency that protects you from government intervention also protects criminals from law enforcement. They're just two sides of the same coin.

The first banks would have dealt mostly with physical money / gold, so it would be a lot harder to pull off this kind of fraud.

[+] tedunangst|4 years ago|reply
Reinventing modern finance one disaster at a time.
[+] prepend|4 years ago|reply
I’d like to know this as well. I suspect there’s more because now the entire contents of the vault can fit onto a slip of paper. So just logistically can be moved around more than previous bank eras.
[+] anonyxyz|4 years ago|reply
This still happened as recently as 100 years ago. Con men would set up false banks in small towns and make off with a lotnof money. Lookup Yellow Kid Weil.
[+] doggodaddo78|4 years ago|reply
I think hard currencies took care of trust about intrinsic value. It's only the establishment of rule-of-law and regulations allowed fiat currencies to proliferate. Regulations were written in the tears, fears, and anger of common folk. There's essentially no way to trust someone else with a BTC wallet and there's no trust in BTC's value because there's nothing behind it... it shouldn't be used to store value long-term, only for quick, transactional events.

Banks and municipalities who issued their own fiat currencies I believe encountered many more problems.

[+] ffhhj|4 years ago|reply
> Nothing is known about Diogenes' early life except that his father, Hicesias, was a banker. > Hicesias and Diogenes became involved in a scandal involving the adulteration or debasement of the currency,[10] and Diogenes was exiled from the city and lost his citizenship and all his material possessions.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogenes

[+] rchaud|4 years ago|reply
Deposit insurance is a relatively new concept, at least in North America. It didn't exist in the US until the Great Depression. Canada did not introduce it until 1967.

A lot of what's happening in the crypto space is just self-professed libertarians re-discovering fire. They start off by being skeptical of banks and monetary authorities, but eventually realize that an unregulated free-for-all attracts bad actors that ruin it for everyone else. Hence the wet blanket of AML + KYC + Deposit ratios.

[+] makomk|4 years ago|reply
Even in the modern era there's a lot of fraud and scamming going on. This sounds like a classic Ponzi scheme, and Bitcoin-based Ponzis are just one corner of a broader universe of similar scams all across the globe. They've even brought down governments and the odd country...
[+] an_opabinia|4 years ago|reply
What if the exit scams happening today in China are 10x worse than South Africa’s, because it’s so much bigger, but we aren’t hearing about them? Never mind history.
[+] thesausageking|4 years ago|reply
Much more fraud is committed using US Dollars than Bitcoin. It's just not news so you don't read about.
[+] vmception|4 years ago|reply
Probably a great time to introduce you to ACH fraud

https://www.afponline.org/publications-data-tools/reports/su...

Its just as large and just as consequence free as bitcoin/crypto heists and fraud despite the paper trail

Some reinforce their respect of one system by looking at the proportions of the money supply and transactions, I would say that isnt that important as the industry / interest in fraud has a fixed size

[+] SunshineReggae|4 years ago|reply
Every time that I read a story like this I am always wondering: how come the people doing exit scams (suppose it is one) aren't more afraid of the repercussions.

Given Bitcoins track record, it wouldn't surprise me if some of the funds would belong to quite questionable characters, so you are basically stealing money from organized crime groups.

It is obvious that you can buy some protection with $3.6B, however your face and name is publicly known, meaning that you will be on the run for the rest of your life or possibly face a very gruesome death.

Is that really worth it?

[+] vmception|4 years ago|reply
The simple answer is that they can affect the change that they are interested in, with that money now. Instead of imagining for their whole lives.

Basically, life isnt worth living poor, or the current state of the world isnt worth being unable to change. Death is more favorable than skimming table scraps.

Although the luxury consumptive spending is a tiny portion of what is possible, and nobody can take those experiences away from you, the funds contributed to charities, political campaigns, and investments allow shaping the world as you see fit now.

So thats the explanation, without justifying it. Despite recent attempts of making society seem more fair, this has always been the history of the world. Seize and lock in a millennium of control and favor for your family.

[+] majani|4 years ago|reply
That's overblown. Going into hiding is easy with a pile of money by your side. Just cross into a country with a different language, change your appearance by changing your body fat % or growing hair, then buy yourself some new ID documents. That's literally 1 or 2 years of work and you are now successfully hiding in plain sight. Most people would take that trade off
[+] rightbyte|4 years ago|reply
Ye it is hard to grasp. I mean if they can get a 1% fee it is still 36 million USD and they would not have to hide from mobsters.
[+] dorgo|4 years ago|reply
In my town people get killed for 50€ in their portemonnaie. Your are talking about 3.6B.
[+] moneywoes|4 years ago|reply
Not to mention South Africa as well
[+] Animats|4 years ago|reply
They were apparently offering 10% per day returns. What could possibly go wrong?
[+] dkjaudyeqooe|4 years ago|reply
Sounds like it was a Ponzi scheme combined with an exit scam.

That combination was sort of inevitable.

[+] FabHK|4 years ago|reply
It boggles my mind that people don’t become a tad skeptical upon seeing such claims.
[+] agumonkey|4 years ago|reply
strangely enough, there was a similar bust happening in France last week (RRcrypto)
[+] Cipater|4 years ago|reply
The first signs of trouble came in April, as Bitcoin was rocketing to a record. Africrypt Chief Operating Officer Ameer Cajee, the elder brother, informed clients that the company was the victim of a hack. He asked them not to report the incident to lawyers and authorities, as it would slow down the recovery process of the missing funds.

and

While South Africa’s Finance Sector Conduct Authority is also looking into Africrypt, it is currently prohibited from launching a formal investigation because crypto assets are not legally considered financial products, according to the regulator’s head of enforcement, Brandon Topham. The police have not yet responded to a request for comment.

$3.6B is 1% of South Africa's GDP. That's a lot of money.

[+] rchaud|4 years ago|reply
"$3.6 billion at its peak"

Could be down 40% or more by now. GDP isn't nearly as volatile.

[+] phantom_oracle|4 years ago|reply
South Africa is a small economy relative to US, EU(block) or China and has large income disparity(small, very wealthy upper/middle class).

$3.6B = ZAR51.17B (xe.com). That seems like a lot of savings for the small upper/middle class.

The name of the crypto company "afri" suggests it might have targeted the African market as a whole.

Can any Africans/South Africans explain how ZAR51.17B of savings accumulated in this crypto company(or scam)?

Is it like Madoff who conned rich people or did these guys manage to reach pensioners and steal their money too?

[+] Beehivewax|4 years ago|reply
With a population of approximately 60 million people that's an average of R850 (approx. $60) per person in SA at the current exchange rate. Obviously only a small fraction of the population are going to have invested. Even if I guess an improbably high number of 1 million investors the losses are R51000 per person (around $3600). That's more than a month's salary even for those just inside the top 1%, since it only takes $3500 per month to be in the top 1% of earners in SA [1].

[1] https://www.goodthingsguy.com/opinion/perspective-salary-sou...

[+] jonathanlydall|4 years ago|reply
South African here, I’m also wondering how they acquired so much Bitcoin.

The figure is slightly inflated as it’s the value at Bitcoin’s high earlier this year, but it’s still a lot.

My theory is lots of international customers as I don’t see our market being big enough, thumb sucking, but I reckon 2/3 of our country earns less than 500USD a month. Maybe their customers are from other African countries, but it feels unlikely to be enough.

Perhaps they had some “whale” clientele from several different countries.

I wouldn’t personally think the “Afri” in their name is particularly meaningful, it’s just a naming thing, but maybe some people treat it differently.

[+] joshuahedlund|4 years ago|reply
> The name of the crypto company "afri" suggests it might have targeted the African market as a whole.

Need someone with context knowledge, but I suppose the name suggests it could also have been targeting Afrikaners in South Africa (ex. "AfriForum"[0])

[0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AfriForum

[+] valas|4 years ago|reply
$3.6B is at peak valuation. The actual contributions maybe much lower?
[+] Havoc|4 years ago|reply
It’s questionable whether all of it is South African money. Not sure whether this pay walled article mentions it but there is suspicion of it being a money laundering op. The scale just doesn’t make sense for straight SA retail money
[+] throw7|4 years ago|reply
Can tumblers and mixers -- or to other large pools of bitcoin -- actually make bitcoins essentially untraceable?

That doesn't make any sense to me if bitcoin is truly a trustable public ledger.

[+] CyberDildonics|4 years ago|reply
It is ironic that you can use your money electronically without a middle man with cryptocurrency, but people choose to leave it with a middle man regardless.
[+] jokoon|4 years ago|reply
There needs to be a list of news related to Bitcoin fraud.

I mean just to document and warn new comers.

It seems we already forgot about mtgow.

[+] swayson|4 years ago|reply
"Not your token, not your coin"
[+] YoungWeb|4 years ago|reply
It's only a matter of time until this hits the news cycle and the sell off ensues. Hopefully it won't because it's international
[+] Bombthecat|4 years ago|reply
Uhhh if they stole so much, they probably also stole from really rich guys who don't care if you live or die..
[+] bserge|4 years ago|reply
Jesus Christ, all the popups and ads make this website an unreadable mess on mobile.

Literally the dream of the evil execs in Ready Player One, "75% screen coverage for ads before inducing epilepsy".

[+] benrapscallion|4 years ago|reply
Any time I want to read something on Bloomberg.com, I first send it to Instapaper. It’s almost an instinct now.
[+] aaroninsf|4 years ago|reply
Who could have possibly have guessed that an unregulated dark-money scam would turn out to be a poor get rich scheme?

Teasing 20K by the weekend...

[+] dreyfan|4 years ago|reply
props to Elon and Kimball for running the ultimate long con
[+] doggodaddo78|4 years ago|reply
Hey everybody, use my new bitcoin exchange! I'm based in... Bulgaria and absolutely not the Caribbean with a margarita and twin models.

Deposit your BTC for safekeeping today!

[+] torcete|4 years ago|reply
Any recommendation of a bitcoin wallet for a Chromebook?

Somebody close to me put some money on bitcoins. I told him to get a wallet and move the coins to the wallet where he is in control of they keys. This person only has a Chromebook as a computer.

Does anybody have any recommendations of a software wallet for a Chromebook?