[ktownsend]

Like any niche, it's hard to know where to start and it also depends if you are more interested in HW design, or the firmware side of things. You need some knowledge of both since they overlap in many areas in embedded, but they are different paths.

Assuming you mean more writing firmware, the biggest thing to understand is that embedded is all about C. You'll absolutely want to learn the basics of C and properly understand pointers. A key part of C is understanding data types (signed, unsigned, float) and notations you rarely used in other fields like hexadecimal which is omnipresent in embedded. If you grew up learning C#, node, etc., you likely don't properly appreciate these fundamental types, and you'll need to learn those fundamentals, but that will come with learning C.

For books, I like Jack Ganssle's "The Art of Designing Embedded Systems". He does a good job of laying a solid foundation for planning embedded projects. It's opinionated, but you could do worse than start with his ideas.

And start with a professionally maintained foundation for your projects. Arduino is good for some people, but it won't scale and won't give you the skills you need professionally, and scripting languages like MicroPython won't help you later in life. Use a language (C) and platform you can go to production with, such as Zephyr RTOS, Azure RTOS, FreeRTOS, etc. It's more work and harder up front, but the investment will pay dividends and you'll learn good habits from the start.

[sokoloff]

The comment above is great advice overall, but I break with it on the last paragraph. I think most people in the "I don't know C or electronics, but want to get into electronics and firmware" camp should start with Arduino (or clones).

Not because it's great technically and not because the editor is great (frankly, it's awful). The reason I argue to start there is that they've made the first 15 minute experience stupidly easy and convenient and, as a result, it's become wildly common and popular and you can readily find Arduino-platformed examples for most of the basic electronics technologies. If you're the type to learn best when you can see glimmers of visible progress, Arduino gives you smooth on-ramp.

You will need to wean yourself from that reliance/training wheels at some point, but I think it makes the first 2 months 20x easier, especially if you're trying to learn datatypes, bit-packing, pointers, memory management, analog electronics, digital electronics, communications protocols, in-circuit programming, and everything else (PCB design?) all at once. Break it up a little.

[ktownsend]

I certainly don't disagree, and wrote many an Arduino library and drivers and tutorials myself.

As long as you eventually take the training wheels off, and know that Arduino isn't a path that leads to being able to create financially viable products, and it's a first step.

It won't teach you certain good habits, but it will perhaps get you hooked and motivated, which is useful in itself, and does give you the satisfaction of making motors whirr and LEDs blink quickly.

[HeyLaughingBoy]

I really, really like The Art of Programming Embedded Systems but I think that (1) it's out of print now and (2) it has some dated advice (that was excellent at the time) that can send a modern programmer down the wrong path. OTOH, Jack has a mailing list: http://www.ganssle.com/tem/tem432.html that is current and very informational.

I agree that Arduino is not a good start if you intend to become a professional. Arduino works really well for the non-technical person who will never progress beyond the arduino ecosystem, and for the experienced embedded programmer who is well aware of its limitations. Beyond that, if your intent is to learn embedded systems professionally, pick up an ST Discovery development system (about $20 IIRC) and have at it. Although I worked for a company that standardized its embedded development on Nordic processors, I don't recommend them unless you need wireless in your project.

[HeyLaughingBoy]

Replying to myself: ST Discovery only brings up Star Trek references. If you're looking for the dev kit, try searching for STM32 Discovery instead.