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Americans are rethinking where they want to live

215 points| samizdis | 4 years ago |economist.com

602 comments

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[+] larrymyers|4 years ago|reply
My family and I decided to stay on the north side of Chicago, a very high cost of living location, despite no longer needing to head downtown every day for work. Why not move outside of Chicago where our cost living would be substantially lower?

  * We wanted to keep our kids in the same school, which is walking distance.
  * We like being walking distance to the grocery store, doctor's offices, etc.
  * Our kids can walk to their friends' houses.
  * Proximity to the lake is important to us.
  * We're close to family.
Moving to the suburbs would find us losing much of that freedom that comes with living in a dense neighborhood. The size of a house and a yard is only one factor here for quality of life. I hope the trend that comes from remote work isn't just people optimizing for the size of a house and low cost of living, especially if it comes at the expense of being able to be in a community with other people around.
[+] foofoo4u|4 years ago|reply
I sure am. I live in San Jose (which resides in the Bay Area). Here’s why I am leaving.

- $2,700 per month for a 500 sq/ft apartment.

- Homeless people everywhere the moment I step foot out of my apartment.

- Smells like urine on many sidewalks.

- Literally half of the buildings are vacant or abandoned (in downtown).

- Human feces on sidewalks and entrance to buildings.

- Political and ideological homogeny. Keep your head low if you aren’t progressive.

- We’ve reached $4.99 per gallon for gasoline.

- I’ve experienced two car break-ins.

- Trash everywhere.

- High taxes.

- Crummy roads.

I’m paying a lot of money to live here, but for what? My standard of living is low. I’m leaving for Texas or Florida. Hopefully either of these two states provide me something better.

[+] georgeecollins|4 years ago|reply
Nothing would be better for California in general and the Bay Area in particular for people to move away for a while. The infrastructure of that region is swamped. Everything is overpriced and congested.

I was born in San Francisco a long time ago and it used to actually be a pretty cheap city to live in California once. A lot of LA based law firms would open up offices in San Francisco because it was cheaper to live there then lots of parts of Los Angeles and lots of people thought the city was charming. That's hard to imagine now. To me the charm was hollowed out by it becoming so expensive. So now SF is a boring like Manhattan and Oakland is the Brooklyn of the region.

The only reason anyone pays $2700 for an 500 sq ft apartment in San Jose is because they have a great job near by. I don't want to say anything bad about San Jose but IMO it has always been pretty far down the list of places you want to live in California. You shouldn't have to suffer that much for a job, and it seems like the way things are going you won't have to.

[+] nonameiguess|4 years ago|reply
Not a California thing. I live in Dallas and am all for coming to Texas, but don't expect miracles. There are homeless people everywhere, vacant buildings, my catalytic converter has been sawed off twice, trash all over the place, major road out of my neighborhood has had a pothole big enough to knock a wheel off for 8 months and the city has done nothing about it.

These are just city problems.

On the other hand, my mortgage, insurance, and property taxes are $2,500 a month for a 3,000 square foot, 4-story townhome with a private rooftop deck with a downtown skyline view, so there's that.

[+] bugzz|4 years ago|reply
you don't have to move that far to escape all that. Plenty of areas an hour away from San Jose that are nice and a lot cheaper (still more expensive than Texas or Florida, sure).
[+] JJMcJ|4 years ago|reply
If you live downtown in SJ you could move a few miles and have a much more pleasant life.

Still expensive, though.

[+] gunshai|4 years ago|reply
There is flight from major metropolitan cities right now. All the problems are the same across these cities. While I'm in the honeymoon phase of my recent move from the city I love and grew up in. I was tired of many of the things you listed.
[+] nouveaux|4 years ago|reply
> I’m paying a lot of money to live here, but for what?

The weather. The high cost of living in the bay area and California is largely about the weather. People come to California for the dream and stay for the sun.

[+] mwattsun|4 years ago|reply
It's weird how subjective experience can be so different. I live in East San Jose a mile from downtown. I'm very happy with it. I love riding my electric bike around town and my only complaint is that for a supposedly high tech city the traffics lights are not even close to being syncrhonized. I can't related to most of your other complaints.

Your other complaints are complaints you often hear from conservatives about San Francisco. I took my bike on the train to SF not long ago and spotted no feces and smelled no urine as I rode around The City.

Homelessness is a problem in San Jose and SF, but no worse than in many other cities I've been in.

[+] throwaway984393|4 years ago|reply
Florida is pretty terrible. Even if you are totally cool with never doing anything outside, never engaging in culture, and never talking to other people, there is literally no positive side to living in Florida other than the combined lack of winter and access to a beach. Sure, people are more right-wing, but I'd much rather live in Texas than Florida. Even a desert is more interesting than endless strip-malls, and big Texas cities are more cultured, and even more commercially diverse, than any part of Florida. Practically speaking, Florida is also always overpriced, and insurance and hurricanes are annoying (and going to get worse).
[+] charwalker|4 years ago|reply
The two states mentioned are near the bottom of my list but I think your nod to ideological homogeny notes that you are on board. I personally find the policy decisions (and elected leadership) of both to be third world, backward, and dangerous if not outright fraudulent and refuse to entertain offers that would put me there or working for companies there.
[+] pengaru|4 years ago|reply
Man Jose is an awful choice when it comes to CA/Bay Area options.
[+] dmode|4 years ago|reply
This article and similar ones have been written at least a 1000 times for the last decade with a clear political tinge. The poster child is always around how people want to move to Florida and Texas. But somehow it forgets to include Washington and Seattle which has probably seen the biggest tech migration and grown into the second biggest tech hub in the country, far greater than Austin or Miami (hyped up constantly). I guess it doesn’t fit with the narrative ? My working hypothesis is that people in general want to live in California like places, if they can afford it.
[+] ravitation|4 years ago|reply
> My working hypothesis is that people in general want to live in California like places, if they can afford it.

This is my general thinking as well, and it happens to fit with my current life experience.

I'm unconvinced that there has been, generally speaking, a fundamental change in the preferred environment people wish to live in; instead it seems more likely that traditionally popular American urban areas are just too expensive and offer relatively little (compared to other parts of the world) in terms of services to justify living there... Even for those that might otherwise choose to.

[+] hardtke|4 years ago|reply
The San Francisco Chronicle has done some analyses of the Bay Area exodus, and the majority are not moving to Texas but instead to places like San Joaquin and Madera county (counties that border the Bay Area). People want the bigger house, but they also want to be able to visit their friends and family.
[+] AutumnCurtain|4 years ago|reply
It literally cites Ross Perot jr., it's like asking Gavin Newsome for his opinion on the competitive advantages of California.
[+] coding123|4 years ago|reply
For the most part that migration ended about 10 years ago. People are now moving away from there. Right now the hot spots are Idaho, Montana, Florida, Texas.

All of which are experiencing house prices in the last 5 years to shoot through the roof from what those people originally had. That said, Texas is huge so I'm really talking about Austin and 2 hour surrounding cities.

[+] lotsofpulp|4 years ago|reply
> But somehow it forgets to include Washington and Seattle

I prefer they keep “forgetting”.

> My working hypothesis is that people in general want to live in California like places, if they can afford it.

Of course prices (and price movements) will always be the objective measure of desirability across a large population.

[+] honkycat|4 years ago|reply
I grew up in a rural town around 4 hours from St. Lois.

I was MISERABLE. I HATED IT AS A KID!

A short list of things I disliked:

- Completely car dependent as a kid. If my parents didn't give me a ride I wasn't doing anything. Bicycling is not an option because people drive like maniacs and are not expecting bikes, so it is extremely dangerous. People love to haul ass on country roads.

- Conservative values. My parents are solidly blue voters, but growing up in that environment surrounded by racism, you learn a lot of bad stuff that you have to unlearn, or else sink deeper and deeper into the bad stuff.

- Our house became worthless. The community is dying, and the house my family owned is reasonable and has been sitting in the market for years. Nobody wants to move or live there.

- Lack of culture. My parents, up until this year, had never eaten Indian food, real ramen, or a huge number of other commonplace things you get in a city. There weren't any "garage bands" or other artists or coders to collaborate with as a kid. They are getting older now and they are realizing how empty and boring the place they have chosen to live is. My dad is getting really into video poker. There is NOTHING ELSE FOR THEM THERE.

- Bad schools. I had the same teachers as my parents, who graduated 20 years before I did. We had HUGE behavioral problems. Students who fell behind were sent to another school 45 minutes away... until that school filled up and could no longer take the overflow. It was constant triage and if you were a little clever you were BORED. A lot of students their senior year just sat in study hall for 6 hours a day because they didn't have the rooms and the teachers to teach higher level classes. I didn't even know what AP classes were until I got to college.

- Bad hospitals. We had to close ours down because we couldn't play doctors enough to move to our town.

- Total lack of community. You think "less people == people are closer". No. There is nowhere to gather, the only land you can use is the land you own. There are not enough people to support hobbies or meetups. Most of the people get a degree or a trade job and get as far away as possible as quickly as possible.

[+] strict9|4 years ago|reply
Every time I see an article about an exodus to rural America I am reminded of the rural America I grew up in, and frankly it's terrible compared to living in or near a city. For all the reasons you cite and so many more.

Of course cost of living is cheap in rural America, demand is low and supply is high for land far from modern conveniences.

[+] Spivak|4 years ago|reply
This rings true to my experience as well. Growing up in a conservative Christian county where I was the only queer kid drove me to attempt suicide twice in my teens before I promptly ran as fast as possible to a large university and never go back except for Thanksgiving and Christmas.

It’s swear it’s so much worse because of the boredom. School got out around 3pm and most days I had to stay inside with a sympathetic teacher until my parents got off work because a group of kids would just hang around waiting for me to walk home.

Thank god for the internet, not sure I would have made it out without it.

[+] jermaustin1|4 years ago|reply
I've heard this brought up as a kind of second round of white flight. The middle- and upper-class (primarily) white population is once again moving out of urban centers because telecommuting is something that these high-salary jobs afford them.

I think it will rebound a bit (but not much), as moving from urban to suburban is a very difficult transition, but its even harder going the other way once you've adjusted.

I miss living in NYC, but I'm actually looking to retire in the next few years, and pick up some remote land that I can settle with Starlink, and live off a VERY modest retirement (WELL under a million saved/invested) for the next 40 years. My retirement will look vastly different from my parents, as I will still work (building web apps, games, furniture, whatever tickles my fancy), just not for anyone but myself.

[+] donatj|4 years ago|reply
I live just west of Minneapolis with my wife in a house that's been in my family for generations.

I don't want to leave but the continuous stream of car jackings, home invasions, petty theft and seemingly random acts of violence have me rethinking this.

Calls to defund the police sound pretty tone deaf when your elderly neighbor is assaulted in their own home and robbed.

[+] thehappypm|4 years ago|reply
I moved the the suburbs way earlier than I had planned due to the pandemic and my job being much more WFH. I love it. I’m still accessible the city (14-28 minutes by train depending on schedule), I have way more space, and I’m near some really wonderful nature areas. I love having a garage and a yard and a grill. Im still near restaurants and stuff, and I kinda outgrew the bar scene a few years ago — now I’m more likely to hit a brewery or 2, which are dense in the suburbs too.
[+] davewritescode|4 years ago|reply
I think a lot of people are seeing what they want to see in this. Once a company figures out how to leverage a developer in the Midwest as effectively as one in the Bay Area what stops them from hiring in the Dominican, or Mexico or South America? I've worked with fantastic developers from those areas who can effectively work on the same timezones, communicate well and write high quality code.

I know personally, I've seen a lot of hiring shifting to Latin America in the last 2 years. I don't think this is going to be the midwestern/southern renascence that people think it's going to be.

[+] Tycho|4 years ago|reply
I've been thinking about what gives big cities their edge. Why some even become global hubs for particular industries. Two reasons are clearer to me now than they were in the past:

  - Lifestyle advantages of living amongst specialists: people can outsource various chores/tasks/jobs/errands to local specialists who can complete them much more efficiently. For instance imagine if your village doesn't have a plumber and you have to spend much of your own time fixing pipes, rather than focussing on activities where you have comparative advantage.
  - Poaching. Modern companies struggle to maintain a competitive advantage since their employees can leave and join their competitors. But key employees will usually have roots in a particular place, so competitors can only hope to lure them away if they co-locate their offices in the same city. So almost all of them do.
That said, the internet has introduced some counter-effects, for instance externalizing specialist knowledge on public websites, and enabling remote working.
[+] dublinben|4 years ago|reply
It bodes poorly for the environment if people are increasingly moving from denser cities to sprawling suburbs. This is in many ways a self-inflicted problem of high-cost cities, but it should be a national priority to reverse this trend.
[+] jstepka|4 years ago|reply
Silicon Valley / SF have had a stranglehold on the digital economy for the last 20-30 years -- nearly anything that touches electrics or software had a "tax" where some portion of that innovation flowed back as cash.

With covid / the great reset, I've seen so many leave the bay area now that they can work remote. It's occured to me that SV / SF will need to reinvent itself and be in a rough patch for a couple years. The benefit to the rest of the americans is that all those high paying jobs and new ways of doing business are being dispersed throughout the rest of the USA which is better for all of us in the end.

[+] woollymallard|4 years ago|reply
I have no concrete plans to move anywhere, but just knowing that I _could_ easily pick up and go anywhere I want without commute or general work location being a deciding factor has been so freeing.
[+] TurkishPoptart|4 years ago|reply
And part of it is what public schools are doing to our kids. My 6 year old is required to sit outdoors to eat her lunch in 40ish degree (F) weather, and is not allowed to socialized. My 5 year old has to wear a mask 7 hours a day against an illness that doesn't kill kids. I'm at my wit's end with these school administrators. Hoping to be in Wyoming in 6 months' time.
[+] throw_away_45|4 years ago|reply
My family moved out of NYC during the pandemic. We have a young kid and a dog - so finding a spot which had more space was imperative (given that both our gigs were remote).

The few factors for us :

* Is the neighborhood family / kid-friendly ? * Is it comfortable ? * Does it have space ? * Does it have some of the conveniences of a city (not a cut-off remote suburb)

We moved to TX to be closer to family and it checked all of these boxes. That being said, I don't think we have it in us to do another relocation unless forced. It was painful to execute and I can only imagine it gets harder when you have deeper ties in the neighborhood/city with kids/family

[+] Tiktaalik|4 years ago|reply
> First, people have been leaving large, dense, expensive urban cores for smaller, less-dense cities and suburbs. Second, people and companies have been moving to warm, low-tax states in the South and Southwest.

Seems like there could be a convergence of the demographic trend of millennial family formation with pandemic related increase in people's perception of the value of square footage that is pushing people toward that classic Single Family Home housing product.

Problem being of course is that they're not distributed in the right places.

Of course the era of normal people without incredible levels of wealth owning a detached home in cities like SF, Seattle, etc is long over. There will only ever be less and less SFHs as these cities urbanize further.

The market urbanist solution to this issue has been to build more housing, and more apartments, townhomes and duplexes with larger footprints that are suitable for a family, so that one wouldn't need a detached home for a larger family to affordably live in one of these big cities.

That we're seeing people abandon certain urban places may be a sign of the failure of those governments to actually get any of that product sufficiently built, but it also could be a sign that, despite similar square footage, people don't see townhouses/apt housing product as the same sort of value as a detached house, and they are willing to make remarkable life changes to own a fee simple house proper.

[+] nwmcsween|4 years ago|reply
With a remote workforce what is stopping people to move to South America, etc?

Cost of living is rising dramatically with YoY housing prices hitting 20-30% (even in middle of nowhere) it just doesn't make sense financially if you arent established to stay.

[+] Omniusaspirer|4 years ago|reply
Cultural differences, distance from family, language barriers, laws against foreign land/home ownership, crime, corrupt governments, etc.

I'm all for traveling and experiencing different cultures but there's a lot more than money that comes into play when you're considering a move to a developing country.

[+] reidjs|4 years ago|reply
1. They don’t speak Spanish 2. They don’t know anyone there 3. Their company doesn’t allow it
[+] ericmay|4 years ago|reply
Not much and I think we'll see more of this for the reasons you mention. You can just "rent" a place somewhere or buy a trailer and claim that as your official home and then just live in another country. Latin America is ideal for this for Americans because of the timezones as well.

Though of course it depends on the country, your goals and ideas, etc.

[+] gnicholas|4 years ago|reply
For me, schools are a huge part of this. Zoom schooling has demonstrated how little learning actually happens during a day. Simultaneously, online alternatives have popped up/become popularized, and people are realizing how much more a student can learn through good/personalized remote learning.

Parents who pay tens of thousands of dollars in property tax — largely for access to 'great schools' — are now able to move anywhere they want and access online options that are in many ways better than their tony suburban schools. Many of these parents are allowed to WFH now, which makes moving to rural areas possible, for the first time ever.

I imagine there will be some people who move away, realize the grass isn't always greener, and then move back. But overall I think WFH and remote schooling will unlock regions to a huge pool of families who never previously thought of living away from urban/suburban centers.

[+] anthk|4 years ago|reply
As an European, I love the American culture. But if you had the European standards on healthcare (The Spaniard one it's great), America would enter in a 2nd golden age.
[+] asimpletune|4 years ago|reply
I'm also sure a small percentage of people from the USA may even rethink living there.
[+] onychomys|4 years ago|reply
My company has gone to work-from-anywhere-as-long-as-it's-in-the-USA, there's some sort of complicated tax thing that comes if you live in another country but work in the US, and they don't want to deal with that.
[+] AnIdiotOnTheNet|4 years ago|reply
If only it didn't require an incredibly privileged position to be be a reasonable thing to do, I might.
[+] CountDrewku|4 years ago|reply
What are the other options? After seeing how Europe and other western nations have responded to COVID in the last 2 years I'm less likely to consider moving there. It was actually something I'd considered before all of this.