[EsotericAlgo]

Absolutely. The answer is better integration boundaries but then you’re paying the abstraction cost which might be higher.

It’s particularly difficult when the system under test includes an application that isn’t designed to be set up ephemerally such as application-level managed services with only ClickOps configuration, proprietary systems where such a request is atypical and prevented by egregious licensing costs, or those that contain a physical component (e.g. a POS with physical peripherals).