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MIT Engineers Create New Material Stronger Than Steel and Light as Plastic

110 points| leothekim | 3 years ago |scitechdaily.com

67 comments

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cbracketdash|3 years ago

Title should be, "MIT Engineers Create New Material Stronger Than Steel, Light as Plastic, and More Expensive than Gold"

Dlanv|3 years ago

For now. It sounds like the process to manufacture it could scale pretty well though. This could be just the beginning of a new class of material

robbedpeter|3 years ago

Melamine is cheap as hell. The lab apparatus they used is expensive but this process is really scalable.

A stack of alternating graphene and layers of this material would be interesting - we're starting to get into mass produced molecular level materials engineering.

high_byte|3 years ago

and the first iphone cost about... idk, $10m in R&D?

_0w8t|3 years ago

Comparing with abstract steel is kind of useless as the strength of common steel varies by factor of 3. If one compare the cheapest steel and exotic alloys (that are often only produced in Sweden and may cost more than silver), then the difference is at least a factor of 20.

alex_young|3 years ago

> They also found that its yield strength, or how much force it takes to break the material, is twice that of steel, even though the material has only about one-sixth the density of steel.

> Under the right conditions, these monomers can grow in two dimensions, forming disks. These disks stack on top of each other, held together by hydrogen bonds between the layers, which make the structure very stable and strong

Sounds like they could just layer it to create very strong lightweight structures.

kazinator|3 years ago

Nylon fishing line is stronger than steel and light as plastic.

Dlanv|3 years ago

And is nylon able to form rigid 3 dimensional structures?

MeteorMarc|3 years ago

There is also the micro plastics issue to solve, before widening the scope of plastic applications.

loudmax|3 years ago

The world should absolutely solve the micro plastics issue, but the world should absolutely not stop developing new plastics or finding new uses for plastics until that problem is solved.

There should be more research into the impact of micro plastic particles. That doesn't mean we should stop research into new applications. These things can, and should, happen in parallel.

alanwreath|3 years ago

THIS ^^^. My concerns are less and less about preserving my phone and more and more about preserving my planet. Show me a phone that can be completely recycled instead of giving me the illusion that it won't break because of x or y. Eventually it's going to be to sluggish for modern applications (because of its cpu or because of its battery).

I have a growing pile of now useless phones even at my house that I never broke because I take care of my investments.

And while I wouldn't expect a company to search out "right" solutions, I would hope that MIT as an educational institution could see beyond money and at least get in front of where the hockey puck should be, and not where it's tended to go (I'm speaking of sustainable profits on a planet in which we can live vs just amazing profits on an uninhabitable planet).

ajmurmann|3 years ago

Was it clear to anyone in what way it's stronger than steel? The article mostly talks about applications where it's used as a coating. At the same time it says the sheets can be layered and create very strong bonds. Why can't I make the entire object out of this polymer? Is it hard to tear but not very rigid/too floppy? It sounded like it won't bust the bank either.

oxfeed65261|3 years ago

“The researchers found that the new material’s elastic modulus — a measure of how much force it takes to deform a material — is between four and six times greater than that of bulletproof glass. They also found that its yield strength, or how much force it takes to break the material, is twice that of steel, even though the material has only about one-sixth the density of steel.

Emphasis added.

Karliss|3 years ago

Can anyone explain why having polymer connected in 2d sheets is better than connecting in all 3 dimensions?

elif|3 years ago

The planar sheet structure is compared to linear polymer strands, not to a 3 dimensional cube polymer.

The strength advantage would be more like layers of carbon fiber cloth compared to loose fiberglass fibers. Even with the same resin the sheets have a significant advantage structurally.

AussieWog93|3 years ago

From the article:

>The new material is a two-dimensional polymer that self-assembles into sheets, unlike all other polymers, which form one-dimensional, spaghetti-like chains. Until now, scientists had believed it was impossible to induce polymers to form 2D sheets.

ie: the existing polymers use 1D chains, not 3D.

Gatsky|3 years ago

Maybe a self-assembled 3D lattice would have some disorder due to the extra degree of freedom which translates to structural weakness.

photochemsyn|3 years ago

This looks very interesting, in particular that it can be made gas-tight:

> "Another key feature of 2DPA-1 is that it is impermeable to gases. While other polymers are made from coiled chains with gaps that allow gases to seep through, the new material is made from monomers that lock together like LEGOs, and molecules cannot get between them."

However, this is yet another example of how excessive corporatization of academia can block the adoption and spread of new technologies created with taxpayer funds:

> "The research was funded by the Center for Enhanced Nanofluidic Transport (CENT) an Energy Frontier Research Center sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Army Research Laboratory."

> "The researchers have filed for two patents on the process they used to generate the material..."

So, who gets access to these patents? It should be the case that MIT be required to license these patents to any American citizen who is interested, non-exclusively, for free, as it was American taxpayers who financed this project.

Similarly, the actual paper is hidden behind a paywall at Nature, so independent researchers without an institutional affiliation have no access to the details without paying ridiculous fees; the paper wasn't uploaded to arxiv and isn't yet on sci-hub, and why not? So some publishers can extract fees for their decrepit business model?

Sci-hub_se does at least have copies of some of the references cited in the paper, if you search for this one you'll get the background (2009): "Two-Dimensional Polymers: Just a Dream of Synthetic Chemists?"

> "The fact that one can now isolate and investigate the natural 2D polymer graphene begs the question as to whether such intriguing structures could also be synthesized. [5] This question is not limited to whether one can synthesize graphene—this would be just one target of the entire family of 2D polymers, although admittedly an especially compli- cated and challenging one. It is meant much more general in the sense: Can one provide reliable and broadly applicable concepts to tackle the synthetic and analytical issues associ- ated with the creation of polymers which meet the structural characteristics of graphene (that is, one repeating unit thick, covalently bonded, and long-range order). Clearly, this would constitute a substantial advance for chemistry in particular, and the molecular sciences in general"

josaka|3 years ago

Bahy-Dole Act and DoD Federal Acquisition Regs. are the answer to your question about "who gets access to these patents" and should be the focus of reform if you find them inadequate. Outside my area of the law, but my understanding is prior to Bahy-Dole, it was common for the Gov. to take title to patents arising from Gov. funded research, and that this was seen as a disincentive to commercializing the technology. So Bahy-Dole adjusted the balance, with certain lesser rights (like march in rights and a license) going to the government to try to drive more commercialization of the technology that was invented under Gov. contracts.

kukx|3 years ago

> for free, as it was American taxpayers who financed this project.

Just because something was financed by taxpayer money does not mean it should be free. It is definitely not a rule or how things work. Although I am curious what are the disadvantages of making it free, I bet there are some, even if lightweight.

crate_barre|3 years ago

I feel like I’ve been hearing about Materials of this type for years and have never seen anything practical built with it. How about they make a phone with this already?

cendyne|3 years ago

I wonder what kind of efficiencies can be gained by swapping out metal for this in EV vehicles

throwaway1777|3 years ago

Why only in EVs? Gas and hybrid vehicles could benefit also

riazrizvi|3 years ago

This sounds like it should be headline news, a much bigger deal than votes imply.

zeroping|3 years ago

I can't take this too seriously after the "stock video to illustrate the concept of a super strong cell phone" at the top.