[gnud]

An Armbanduhr is a wrist watch, not just a watch. I'm sure the Germans often shorten to it 'uhr', just like the English do.

Capital is short for capital city.

Vacuum is also short for vacuum cleaner.

I'll grant you Aussehen - that's a single word in english. But longer than the German one.

[simulate-me]

Yes, you can make the English words longer if you wish. But it’s very common to shorten them.