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Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming (1992)

283 points| RafelMri | 3 years ago |github.com | reply

82 comments

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[+] MAXPOOL|3 years ago|reply
One of the top 5 programming books.

Old AI is today's bleeding edge computer engineering. There is an enourmous amount of free lunches for computer engineers and software startups in the old school artificial intelligence.

* modern SAT solver performance is impressive. They can solve huge problems.

* Writing a complex systems configurator with Prolog or Datalog can be like magic.

* Expert systems. There has never been so much use for them than today. Whenever you see expensive systems utilizing complex mess of "business logic" and expensive consultants, you should know there is a better way.

(I use SAT-solvers to partially initialize neural network parameters).

[+] jaggirs|3 years ago|reply
SAT for initializing nn parameters? Can you elaborate on this a bit, it seems interesting.
[+] lukashrb|3 years ago|reply
Are there any examples for 2 and 3 openly accessible? While I grasped the basic idea I lack the imagination how it would look in a real world system.
[+] davidhs|3 years ago|reply
What are the other 4 top programming books?
[+] dread88|3 years ago|reply
Do you mean "Dyalog" rather than "Dynalog"?
[+] vasili111|3 years ago|reply
Does this book teaches how to write SAT-solvers?
[+] zerr|3 years ago|reply
I've got an impression that it is a breadth introduction book to various interesting topics in symbolic computation. It doesn't go deep.
[+] mark_l_watson|3 years ago|reply
I wrote a small Common Lisp book for Springer Verlag about the same time that Peter wrote this fantastic book and I then met him shortly thereafter at a Lisp Users Vendors conference in San Diego. After 30 years of following his writing, Python notebooks, etc., I think that he just has a higher level view of software and algorithms.

There is some talk on this thread about good old fashioned symbolic AI. I have mixed feelings about this. I am currently working for an all-in Common Lisp + GOFAI company, but most of my best successes in my career involved neural networks, and later deep learning.

I think we need a new hybrid approach but it is above my skill level to know what that would be. I keep hoping to see some new research and new paradigms.

[+] zmgsabst|3 years ago|reply
We’re building that paradigm right now, in the math community.

Homotopy type theory tells us that semantic information from a symbolic logic can also be represented by the topology of diagrams. But this is a two way relationship: the topological structure of diagrams also corresponds to some synthetic type theory.

The conjecture is that the topology of, eg, word2vec point clouds will correspond to some synthetic type theory describing the data — and this is bolstered by recent advancements in ML: Facebook translating by aligning embedding geometries, data covering models, etc.

I’m personally working on the problem of translating types into diagrams stored as matrices, in the hope that building one direction will give insights into the other. (Again, because equivalence relationships are symmetric.)

[+] naillo|3 years ago|reply
It's weird that it still feels like this is almost something I'm 'supposed' to know and at some point work my way through. (Maybe because it was on the brink of still being relevant when I got interested in programming in middle school.) Kind of a relief to realize that this for sure is no longer something you're expected to know whatsoever.
[+] medo-bear|3 years ago|reply
the engineering concepts elaborated in this book are very much relevant today and you might very well be expected to know them. what this book does (and this is relevant merrit) is that it so effectively drills them into you (provided you follow along of course)
[+] pronoiac|3 years ago|reply
Hi all! I'm not the author, but I'm part of the effort to turn PAIP from a scanned pdf into a lot of markdown.
[+] medo-bear|3 years ago|reply
this is my favourite book on software engineering (as well as common lisp)
[+] thomasfl|3 years ago|reply
The Prolog programming language implementation is just 139 lines of Lisp code. Never the less, Prolog is a really powerful tool.
[+] MontyCarloHall|3 years ago|reply
It is interesting how almost none of these paradigms/principles are relevant to what we think of as AI today. Lisp, a language specifically formulated for AI applications, is now mostly relevant in the context of programming language theory (and essentially irrelevant to the statistical programming/linear algebra toolkits that underpin modern AI applications). Instead, Fortran and its descendants are actually what power today’s AI programs. Nobody could have foreseen this in the 50s!
[+] jonjacky|3 years ago|reply
PAIP is full of practical programming techniques and advice that are not at all specific to AI or even Lisp. Other commenters here have cited Norvig's retrospective on his book at

http://norvig.com/Lisp-retro.html

The next to last section in this, What Lessons are in PAIP? comprises 52 numbered sentences of advice, cross-referenced to fuller explanations in the book. Many (most?) of them apply to any programming or software engineering, not specifically AI or Lisp.

[+] jimbokun|3 years ago|reply
Lisp was once in the forefront of high level numerical computing systems:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macsyma

Similar to the way Python today is a high level language used for numerical computing today. Lisp is certainly more than capable of this role, but the fallout from the AI winter killed Lisp's reputation and popularity, leading to other languages filling those niches.

[+] taeric|3 years ago|reply
I'm always surprised that the symbolic math paradigms aren't used more. I suppose most cost functions just aren't continuous?

That said, seems most of what is important in today's code is the ability to drive a gpu. Don't know why that couldn't be done from a lisp.

[+] kmod|3 years ago|reply
I'd say this is because the term "AI" has been redefined, not because the same work is being done in a different way
[+] wodenokoto|3 years ago|reply
Can anyone recommend a source for setting up an environment in Linux to run the code in this book?

Do I need to learn eMacs to get close to a “modern lisp” programming environment?

[+] Jach|3 years ago|reply
Emacs is popular. I like vim, but people are also using VS Code. https://lispcookbook.github.io/cl-cookbook/editor-support.ht... and other pages on the wiki may help you. https://github.com/CodyReichert/awesome-cl#community has a list of community spots if you want to seek out other opinions.

The SBCL implementation is very good, consider getting a binary directly from their site if your distro's version is out of date http://www.sbcl.org/

I disagree with a sibling comment that this book expects you to be comfortable with Lisp; the first chapter is literally an introduction, and the next two chapters cover most of the basics a working programmer should expect to cover quickly with chapter 3 being a handy reference to look back on for a lot of things. If you're new to programming or find the intro too fast, sure, look at other resources, but it's not too bad to just dive in. The main supplement is to figure out, with your editor of choice, how to send blocks of Lisp code to the Lisp prompt so that you can type and edit with an editor and not have to do everything directly on the prompt line.

[+] nanna|3 years ago|reply
Bear in mind that this book explicitly expects readers to already be familiar with lisp, so if you've not got a lisp environment going already and need an introduction, you should really look elsewhere first. Touretzsky's book is a great place to start. https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/LispBook/
[+] rbc|3 years ago|reply
I would say Emacs with SBCL is a good start. I haven't started PAIP yet, I'm working through the Touretzky Lisp book, "Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation" as a warmup before starting PAIP. I've found that Inferior Lisp mode in Emacs is sufficient for working through those examples. It seems like a lot of working programmers are using SLIME with Emacs though.
[+] zelphirkalt|3 years ago|reply
Emacs would be a fine choice, but is not mandatory, if you can live with less support for parens found in other editors. Emacs traditionally excels at working with lispy languages and REPLs.

I started working through the book, but did not feel like using Common Lisp. Instead I used GNU Guile. I am not very far in the book yet, but so far I was able to translate between Common Lisp and Scheme easily.

So for me the way to set things up was to install GNU Guile. I did that via GNU Guix package manager. However, GNU Guix can also install SBCL, so that you could use Common Lisp as the book does. SBCL is also in many distros' repositories.

[+] math-dev|3 years ago|reply
emacs is the easiest but you can try lispworks personal edition or allegro common lisp (they have a web ide IIRC)

there’s portacle which combines emacs with a lisp environment

[+] alaaalawi|3 years ago|reply
Many people will fret when mentioning a commercial vendor. but IMHO and YMMV the leaset systems to get going with the least hassle would be either Lispworks or Allegro and both offer trial versions not getting in your way throughout the book (even though I'm Emacs SLIME user for long time). I'm interested in user minimzing unrelated side topics and spiral customization (I love them) and focusing on the book
[+] sdkgames|3 years ago|reply
Most popular Linux distributions include Common lisp packages. For example, "sbcl". if you have Debian/Ubuntu you should be able to install it like this: "sudo apt-get install sbcl"
[+] headcall|3 years ago|reply
vim + slimv

check out susam's guide

[+] eternalban|3 years ago|reply
Apparently Perlis devoted some time to making epigrams. I like #119 (and have amended it in line with #122 and recent developments in Canada, et al) : Programming is an unnatural act, but so far it is still mostly legal.

https://web.archive.org/web/19990117034445/http://www-pu.inf...

p.s.

Actually applying Perlis's epigrams to epigrams, we inevitably reach the conclusion that epigrams stifle thought yet #125 still holds:

#121 permits meta-epigrams.

proposed: Epigrams optimize expression.

#21: optimization hinders evolution

q.e.d. epigrams stifle evolution of thought.

[Alan Perlis: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Perlis]

[+] Geee|3 years ago|reply
I guess this is more of a historical curiosity rather than something that is relevant today?
[+] larve|3 years ago|reply
It's actually just a really good book about programming, with both "high-level" but also really practical advice (how to attack performance issues, how to debug). The examples are all really fun to build and extend. In fact I'm going through it again currently (I kickstarted a datalog compiler off of the prolog compiler chapter).
[+] sicp-enjoyer|3 years ago|reply
No this is one of the best programming books you can buy. It's just not about ML.