[drawingthesun]

Not sure how Ethereum does it, but on Tezos any node can submit proof another node has misbehaved and be awarded a certain amount of the misbehaving nodes deposit.

All of this works via code and no human intervention is needed.

I assume Ethereum has something similar, as there isn’t much gain in restricting those who are allowed to submit a proof that a node/validator is up to no good.