Such contradictions arise all the time. If you ask people which makes them happier, work or vacation, they will remind you that they work for money and spend the money on vacations. But if you give them a beeper that goes off at random times, and ask them to record their activity and mood each time they hear a beep, you’ll likely find that they are happier at work.
Hey, I'd be pissed off too if my vacation was randomly interrupted by beeps.
I've always thought the essential internal dichotomy was between maximizing mate selection and maximizing offspring survival.
the urge to maximize mate selection carries with it many anti-social behaviors, while the urge to maximize offspring survival requires cooperation with the group. the history of governance has been the history of conflict over how far to the "left" or "right" the social contract should fall. To the left lies collectivism (offspring survival), to the right lies individualism (mate selection).
Summary: author defines a "self" as something with a fixed, consistent set of desires; observes that people have changing, inconsistent sets of desires; concludes that people are made of "many different selves." What an insight.
"Some of my colleagues at Yale have developed an online service whereby you set a goal and agree to put up a certain amount of money to try to ensure that you meet it. If you succeed, you pay nothing; if you fail, the money is given to charity—or, in a clever twist, to an organization you oppose."
The article's amazingly well-written. Smooth to read, but communicates a huge amount of information with a minimum of fluff. I want more journalism like this.
Great article. The notion of "short-term self" vs. "long-term self", the self which wants to blow the pay cheque on booze, and the self which wants to save some of it for a rainy day, explains much internal conflict. My complaint though is it presents the "multiple selves" idea as in some way different from Freud's "superego. vs. ego. vs. id" model. I do not believe these are contradictory. The "short-term self" can be part of the id, I would think. The "long-term self" can be manifestations of the ego or the super-ego, it seems. The Freudian model is simpler, and still valid. However in some cases, the "multiple selves" model can be used to enhance the Freudian model. To me, just as a layman's opinion, it seems the Freudian model might be like Newtonian gravity - works in most situations, except in "corner cases" like the orbit of Mercury, where we need general relativity. Similarly, the Freudian "id/ego/superego" model of personality should still work in most cases, but there might be "corner cases" where a more complex "multiple selves" model might come in handy. By the way Robert Louis Stevenson in 'Jeckyl and Hyde' comes to this same model himself. Dr. Henry Jeckyl at last realizes that in each man there are many men, not just two.
The Freudian model isn't simpler: it postulates three "selves" with constant, fixed agendas. This model talks about arbitrary numbers of selves with arbitrary agendas which pop into existence all the time.
The "short term self" vs "long term self" conflict is unlike the id vs ego conflict in that there isn't a "superego" to adjudicate it. The no-superego model fits better with my subjective experiences.
Of course the "long term self" and "short term self" are themselves composed of multiple selves... for instance I have one long-term self who is working towards one set of goals, and another who is working towards another set of semi-contradictory goals.
What an Awful Ending and what an awful article in general. Ok, Ok, I might get voted down but common I can express opinions without being hated?
He says that it should not be a democracy, nor should it be a dictatorship, so what should it be then?
He states that the long-term self is wiser, but also that the short-term self might be wiser, so which should we listen to?
He misses the point completely of the Miligram Experiment and of the "other" experiments of such kind, I presume Zimbardo. If anything they show that the self is a continual construction, not a rigid personality which exists consistently, but that personality is fluid, it changes, it is made on the spot.
It is an interesting read somewhat, but it is a prime example of everything that is wrong with psychology.
[+] [-] hugh|17 years ago|reply
Hey, I'd be pissed off too if my vacation was randomly interrupted by beeps.
[+] [-] nazgulnarsil|17 years ago|reply
[+] [-] ii|17 years ago|reply
The most essential dichotomy is between leisure and running for your life, I think.
[+] [-] rkts|17 years ago|reply
[+] [-] rkts|17 years ago|reply
[+] [-] danohuiginn|17 years ago|reply
Anybody have an URL?
[+] [-] maneesh|17 years ago|reply
[+] [-] cousin_it|17 years ago|reply
The article's amazingly well-written. Smooth to read, but communicates a huge amount of information with a minimum of fluff. I want more journalism like this.
[+] [-] mnemonicsloth|17 years ago|reply
The author is a professor of psychology at Yale. It's sad to say it, but he'd be wasted as a journalist.
[+] [-] rockstar9|17 years ago|reply
[+] [-] Allocator2008|17 years ago|reply
[+] [-] jamesbritt|17 years ago|reply
Is there any actual evidence, any reproducible tests to validate Freud's conjectures about the mind?
(For that matter, has any of Freud's work been scientifically validated?)
[+] [-] hugh|17 years ago|reply
The "short term self" vs "long term self" conflict is unlike the id vs ego conflict in that there isn't a "superego" to adjudicate it. The no-superego model fits better with my subjective experiences.
Of course the "long term self" and "short term self" are themselves composed of multiple selves... for instance I have one long-term self who is working towards one set of goals, and another who is working towards another set of semi-contradictory goals.
[+] [-] Ardit20|17 years ago|reply
He says that it should not be a democracy, nor should it be a dictatorship, so what should it be then?
He states that the long-term self is wiser, but also that the short-term self might be wiser, so which should we listen to?
He misses the point completely of the Miligram Experiment and of the "other" experiments of such kind, I presume Zimbardo. If anything they show that the self is a continual construction, not a rigid personality which exists consistently, but that personality is fluid, it changes, it is made on the spot.
It is an interesting read somewhat, but it is a prime example of everything that is wrong with psychology.