[gualang]

Fraud happens when someone does something dishonest to gain unlawful enrichment mostly by fraudulent misrepresentation. The administrator may embezzle and hide the accounts for example, then the scum lawyer try to dissipate all assets in dishonest assistance when exposed the lawyer and administrator had corruptly abused their position of trust. As beneficiary we can file suit for accounting of the estate. Non accounting usually a big red flag. (applies to most countries) - disclaimer - I am not a lawyer. Comments here not legal advice to be taken in any form or shape. YMMV.

[lozenge]

So you have to be a beneficiary to file? I can't imagine that happening more than two or three times in your life... are you helping others with their cases?

[gualang]

In my country, we do not ,as I am told, have courts that allow 3rd party lawsuits, so this knowledge cannot be leveraged to represent others to sue by absolute assignment of rights("chose in action"). I am one of few that I am executor of both my parents estate and may become administrator for my grandmother's estate. The asymmetrical financial power of the misbehaving Personal Representative of an estate (having resources of entire estate to resist removal) is something that can be solved by 3rd party financing. Framework of transparency in estate administration may be a digital solution where the court supervise the administration of an estate digitally in fine grain and in realtime instead of beneficiary initiated lawsuits. There is a need for professional estate administration or avoid probate process altogether. Most executors are once in lifetime newbies and are easy targets of scummy lawyers to manipulate into unnecessary and prolonged litigation (milking the estate) by colluding lawyers.