[heather45879]

I don’t think ORM is the same since it’s more of an API than a framework (in my mind). ORM also falls into the platform-abstraction arena because it typically has multiple backends which provides other benefits. It also is served as a wrapper library converting from one language to another (SQL).

Web frameworks are more like… clever hacks to HTML to wedge in a “new way to do it” more clever than the last attempt.

Game engines are also somewhat different because the level of abstracted complexity there is vast and heavily domain-specific. It targets multiple platforms like ORMS and multiple GPU backends as well. It provides physics APIs and other heavy maths capabilities too.

But the browser standards-bodies provide that for us now. HTML5/CSS3/JavaScript will run well across all modern browsers.