[jcoq]

If we give substance X to 17 people and 100% of them die, I would recommend against taking substance X.

Of course, it's not as black and white here, but sample size and effect size should be considered in relation to each other. Previous research and theoretical expectations should also play a leading role.

[johnday]

In this case, previous research and theoretical expectations would indicate only a small effect, if any. This is covered in the introduction to the paper, which I'm sure you have read.