[eande]

All major car OEM are challenged with a cohesive software development and integration. There are so many different units of ECU/ICI/ADAS/TCU/ABS/etc (and list goes on) and mostly all of them are interconnected, partial OTA, etc. Tesla having started software first and with their central ECU approach has a leading edge.

Mercedes with their MB.os, VW with their Cariad, Toyota with their Arene and each major automotive OWM is coming up with their own overarching OS platform shifting to software and mobility first.

Underneath is often a safety certifiable OS like QNX, combined with AutoSAR or Linux for less safety critical OS. So generally as far as I can tell most car OEM do not start from scratch and they have to work with the leading silicon supplier as well on all the OS driver support. You also have to consider full functional safety compliance across the globe, many teams/languages/etc. It truly is not that easy to orchestrate that all.

On top like someone commented here, many OEM are very hierarchical structured and creating software development across these different functional units/devisions is a challenge for most automotive companies are really struggling with.