[SergeyKovalenko]

You've raised a really important issue: cleanliness and safety. Of course, no single public transport reform can solve all of a city's social problems, but even in terms of cleanliness and safety, the idea of a bus taxi might be a better solution than a regular large bus or subway:

1) Minibuses are small, essentially their space is divided into personal zones and cannot serve as a residence for homeless people like large buses or subways;

2) Access to such a bus can be personalized;

3) The adaptability of the route means its unpredictability for a fare evader, even if they get in, meaning such transport is inconvenient for fare evaders;

    There are probably more solutions that I haven't considered yet.