[gary_bernhardt]

Almost none of the e2e tests for https://www.executeprogram.com meet this description. They're all tests like:

  - Visit a lesson page with a code example that returns a string.
  - Enter the correct answer to that code example, but without the quotes around it.
  - Assert that the text "Almost, but the answer is a string so it needs quotes." now exists on the page.

No implementation knowledge, nothing faked, real UI behavior tested. You can test most app behavior like this. E.g, we test our entire billing system like this, making these kinds of real assertions.

(To make sure that we know when actual rendered pixels change unexpectedly, we use Percy, which is a separate topic.)