[breser]

See the Howey Test: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/howey-test.asp

Airline Miles don't grant you access to a portion of the profits from the airline. They aren't an investment. They are a currency for future travel.

[bombcar]

They're a liability of the airline, and they're an asset of the customer, but they are not an investment, because they can only go down in value, not up.

Same as gift cards.

[Scoundreller]

Sometimes the dollar price of a flight goes up but the points price stays the same = points went up.

[wonderwonder]

Does the CC companies buying these and then granting them to card holders as a reward qualify or affect the test at all?