[harg]

> SMS is the only second factor that works for people without smartphones.

That's not correct. Many password managers have TOTP authentication features built in.

There's also increasing support for security keys (e.g. yubikey) with many websites.

Passkeys are also on the rise.

[pjmlp]

Which set of population without smartphones even know what a password manager is?

[lxgr]

GP has also listed FIDO authenticators (Yubikey etc.), which are arguably a much better alternative for non-tech-savvy people than TOTP.

[notpushkin]

I think a pretty decent set of people who care about surveillance duopoly know about password managers too.