[magimas]

replication happens over time. For example, when I did my PhD I wanted to grow TaS2 monolayers on a graphene layer on an Iridium crystal. So I took published growth recipees of related materials, adapted them to our setup and then finetuned the recipee for TaS2. This way I basically "peer replicated" the growth of the original paper. I then took those samples to a measurement device and modified the sample in-situ by evaporating Li atoms on top (which was the actual paper but I needed a sample to modify first). I published the paper with the growth recipee and the modification procedure and other colleagues then took those instructions to grow their own samples for their own studies (I think it was MoS2 on Graphene on Cobalt that they grew).

This way papers are peer replicated in an emerging manner because the knowledge is passed from one group to another and they use parts of that knowledge to then apply it to their own research. You have to see this from a more holistic picture. Individual papers don't mean too much, it's their overlap that generates scientific consesus.

In contrast, requiring some random reviewer to instead replicate my full paper would be an impossible task. He/she would not have the required equipment (because there's only 2 lab setups in the whole world with the necessary equipment), he/she would probably not have the required knowledge (because mine and his research only partially overlap - e.g. we're researching the same materials but I use angle-resolved photoemission experiments and he's doing electronic transport) and he/she would need to spend weeks first adapting the growth recipee to the point where his sample quality is the same as mine.