[havermeyer]

Something else to consider is compile time versus runtime validation with formatting libraries, e.g. due to passing the wrong number or type of arguments. The Abseil str_format library does compile time validation for both when possible: https://abseil.io/docs/cpp/guides/format

[a_e_k]

{fmt} certainly does this too. It works quite nicely with the clangd language server flagging a line as an error until the format string and arguments match.