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Early Europeans ate seaweed for thousands of years

428 points| Brajeshwar | 2 years ago |smithsonianmag.com

247 comments

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[+] HeckFeck|2 years ago|reply
Some of us still do! In Northern Ireland, we have a lesser-known seaweed dish called Dulce.

https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20180522-the-renaissance-...

It's tricky to find it fresh, you usually only get it in small greengrocers or at the Auld Lammas fair. Used to be quite cheap for a bag. Very salty but quite edible and said to be nutrient-dense.

[+] AlecSchueler|2 years ago|reply
Haha, I clicked on comment to be the token Northern Irishman bringing this up, but you beat me to it!

I didn't know seaweed wasn't a common food until I moved to the Netherlands and started enquiring about the local seaweed, only to be met with blank looks or people pointing me to the sushi nori at Albert Heijn.

I've been here for years and I still don't understand how such a seafaring nation with such an intimate connection with the coast line could lack a seaweed culture.

Until I saw this article I was starting to think seaweed was unique to rockier island coastlines, but I guess it just comes down to taste/fashion?

After all, you can sail the seven seas as pillage the world of all its spices, but nothing compares to a broodje kaas! Have heard the theory that it's part of Calvinistic protestantism to avoid strong flavours, but then I'd expect to see more seaweed etc in the South.

[+] adolph|2 years ago|reply
While dulse (which comes from the Gaelic duileasg) grows in cold-water pockets of the North Atlantic and Pacific from Canada to Scotland, “it’s as Irish as potatoes,” according to chef, writer and director of Slow Food Northern Ireland, Paula McIntyre. [0]

Given potatoes are part of the post-Columbian exchange, dulse might be more Irish than potatoes.

https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20180522-the-renaissance-...

[+] tecleandor|2 years ago|reply
Kind of funny it's salty but it's called dulce/dulse (Spanish for 'sweet'). I'd love to know the pronunciation for 'Duileasg'
[+] monooso|2 years ago|reply
We still eat laverbread [1], a gelatinous paste made from seaweed, in parts of Wales.

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laverbread

[+] Renaud|2 years ago|reply
Visited a friend in Swansea last year and tried laverbread mixed with oats and pan-dried, and it was delicious!
[+] mattpallissard|2 years ago|reply
My wife puts sugar kelp in soups over here in Alaska.
[+] tomrod|2 years ago|reply
RE: the article -- Cool forensic science!

I also really enjoy most seaweeds I've tried. Great food generally. I'll have to see if we can get something of laverbread locally.

[+] dghughes|2 years ago|reply
In Nova Scotia dulce a type of seaweed is common you can even buy it in grocery stores. I don't think it's as popular as it was many years go.

I think one of the reasons for people not liking it is western diets tend not to like rubbery textures in food.

[+] danw1979|2 years ago|reply
I’d say it’s pretty commonly eaten in a lot of Wales. You can get it in Tescos in Talbot Green!
[+] kinlan|2 years ago|reply
Hello from North Wales.
[+] gimbap007|2 years ago|reply
Sushi rolls (Japan) and Kimbap (Korea) are wrapped with Nori (seaweed). Historical accounts as far back as year 702 mention the taxation of seaweed.

https://marutaka-nori.co.jp/en/nori1.html#:~:text=The%20hist....

[+] jansan|2 years ago|reply
You can buy packaged nori and eat is as a snack. Also, Onigiri is wrapped in nori, and the Japanese developed a special technique to keep it separated from the rice (so it stays crispy) until you open the package.
[+] layer8|2 years ago|reply
Dashi, the basic Japanese stock, is made from kombu (dried kelp) (and optionally katsuobushi, dried bonito flakes).

Also, wakame as a salad or in miso soup.

[+] presentation|2 years ago|reply
Also Japanese people regularly eat mozuku, mekabu, and include seaweed in just about everything in the cuisine at least through dashi but also in many other forms. Seaweed is and always has been huge in Japanese cuisine.
[+] winter_blue|2 years ago|reply
Seaweed is one of those incredibly delicious items[1] that for some strange reason isn't more popular. I'd love it if it became more common, and more cuisines (outside Japan) incorporated it into their existing dishes.

I'm imagining like an Indian curry with seaweed mixed in, or an Italian pasta with seaweed mixed in (in addition to existing ingredients).....

[1] if you buy it from a good brand, so YMMV.

[+] opportune|2 years ago|reply
My mostly-uninformed hypothesis is that seaweed’s relative lack of popularity outside of East Asia stems from the industrialization timeline of Asia vs eg Europe. People in Europe could and did farm seaweed, but with the technology of the mid 19th century it was not possible to do so in a mechanized way, while they did have the technology to produce grains, get wild fish, and farm animals in a mechanized way. The double whammy is that as populations grew and the amount of available foraged/small-scale-farmed seaweed per person decreased, seaweed culturally lost relevance and importance in people’s diets.

Because Asia industrialized later, they had access to eg plastics and efficient diesel engine boats to make farming seaweed easier. So they could avoid or reduce going through a period where seaweed lost relevance.

[+] bpicolo|2 years ago|reply
> in Italian pasta with seaweed mixed

All the rage at Italian/Japanese fusion joints (and honestly in Japan too - Japan loves pasta)

[+] RandallBrown|2 years ago|reply
> Seaweed is one of those incredibly delicious items[1] that for some strange reason isn't more popular.

Seaweed is one of the few foods that will nearly ruin a dish for me. I just really don't like the flavor or the smell.

[+] ahzhou|2 years ago|reply
It’s incredibly common in every East Asian coastal cuisine.

If you live near the coast, you can easily forage your own too.

[+] pjmlp|2 years ago|reply
In Portugal, you can get fish soups and açorda variations (a kind of breadcrumbs soaked in broth and seasoned with olive oil and garlic) based dishes, with seaweeds.
[+] farnsworth|2 years ago|reply
It's just the name. "sea" and "weed" are both unappetizing. Needs a PR firm to rebrand it.
[+] Freedom2|2 years ago|reply
Many, many cuisines outside of Japan incorporate it into their dishes?
[+] dpflan|2 years ago|reply
Just watch survival shows like Alone or Life Below Zero, the fact that people ate things in their environment to survive, and that the things that didn't kill them and helped them survive were continued...is not news, it should actually be considered more an ongoing assumption that they did versus astonishment that they did. Nevertheless, aside from that slight rant, it is good to see scientific techniques and analysis used and those practices honed and more knowledge built about how humans have existed and lived.
[+] Dowwie|2 years ago|reply
Igor Limansky, from Alone Season 9, didn't do well living off of just seaweed. He grew very weak and developed heart palpitations from malnutrition.

Including seaweed in one's diet may have worked for people but living exclusively on seaweed seems to have problems.

[+] efields|2 years ago|reply
We have a small specialty cut flower farm and also grow plants for fun. I like to take people around and just start eating all the herbs and leaves and berries and bits, off of all sorts of plants. "That's edible?" "How hungry are you?"
[+] timonoko|2 years ago|reply
Around Baltic sea there are lots of "cup-stones" ie large stones with lots of tiny cups painstakingly drilled in.

Historians all agree that these are for "religious" purposes collecting blood from sacrificed beings. I say they they are fools, because most valuable commodity thousands of years ago was salt.

Another purpose was drying seaweed, because you can mildly high, probably from nicotine, because drying seaweed smells like fermenting snuff at Swedish Tobacco.

[+] eftychis|2 years ago|reply
And still do? It is still eaten in the Mediterranean. (e.g. salad.)

Is the article supposed to be surprising or just keeping us updated on the oldest findings? It seems it thinks the former.

[+] mrguyorama|2 years ago|reply
Here in Maine, there is at least one company pushing seaweed really hard. They are getting all of our lobster fishers to invest into it as a diversification since global warming is going to kill the lobster business. I have a friend who used to work for them even, and you can see them on Youtube talking about their business and products https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhpGNuWRQTE

Even if you don't buy some of the marketing wankery that CEO spouts, ground up seaweed and kelp are just straight up a better version of salt. It's salty, a little umami, and utterly delicious.

They are growing millions of pounds of the stuff and I think they are the biggest distributor in the US right now. Really awesome seeing locals do good things with our local businesses. I have a lot of connections to lobster fishers, and I want them to have a bright future.

I expect it to be a really cheap and plentiful food additive at some point, maybe a good source of MSG or something.

[+] mjul|2 years ago|reply
Now, it is served in avantgarde restaurants: e.g. by the Spanish Michelin star chef, Angel León. He is known as “chef del mar”, making novel dishes with the plants from the ocean in his restaurant, Aponiente: https://www.aponiente.com/en/
[+] kaycebasques|2 years ago|reply
Makes a lot of sense. It's packed with vitamins and minerals, is presumably a decent way to get salt, and is captive/passive/non-attacking prey!

For Bay Area people, there are companies that teach seaweed foraging: what types to look for, where to look, healthy versus "on the toilet all day", etc. Always nice to have another excuse to go to the beach, especially at unusual hours (such as before dawn to catch a low tide).

[+] anigbrowl|2 years ago|reply
Lots of people eat seaweed without even knowing it; carrageenan, an ingredient derived from seaweed, is used as a filler in many food products.
[+] jackfoxy|2 years ago|reply
Anecdotally, I once worked with a guy who told me his wife was so hooked on seaweed is healthy she ate too much of it over time and the iodine destroyed her thyroid.

All things in moderation.

[+] nologic01|2 years ago|reply
Related: Not a seaweed, but sea fennel (also samphire and official name crithnum maritimum) is a plant that grows on rocks by the sea and is edible (actually nutritious and quite tasty as salad).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crithmum

[+] crazygringo|2 years ago|reply
Maybe it's a dumb question, but how do we know these biomarkers weren't from eating fish that are the seaweed?

If the biomarkers are able to remain detectable for thousands of years without breaking down, perhaps they're also able to accumulate in fish?

I don't know anything about it so my idea is probably wrong, but I'm surprised the article doesn't mention it since it seems like an obvious thing to wonder.

[+] riffraff|2 years ago|reply
Sea lettuce is still used in some traditional Italian dishes ("zeppolelle di mare" for example).

I'm pretty sure I had some other sea plants in Italian recipes too, it's not very common but not unseen.

[+] vjk800|2 years ago|reply
I've thought about harvesting and eating seaweed which is basically everywhere near my home village. I've never heard of anyone eating it and I've been wondering why. How would I go about figuring out if a particular species of seaweed is edible or not (Google doesn't seem to help me in this)?
[+] anon84873628|2 years ago|reply
>analyzed samples of preserved dental plaque from the remains of 74 early humans unearthed at 28 European archaeological sites. Some of the teeth were around 2,000 years old, while others were more than 8,000 years old

Is it normal to refer to people of this time period as "early humans"?

Maybe they are intending to extrapolate backwards, but 8 kya is still a far cry from the 300 kya origin of Homo sapiens...

[+] pvaldes|2 years ago|reply
Is a fact that early Europeans ate sea urchins. We still do the same.

Therefore, early Europeans ate also the many different red, brown, and green algae that came in each urchin stomach. This predigested small pieces is what gives the urchins its special flavor. You can't ate one, and not the other.

This does not mean that they would eat directly the same algae raw. They are a cocktail of chemicals. not easy to eat in any significant amount without processing.

I can buy the idea of people eating the water lily starchy but acrid rhizomes as an emergency food in winter. Everything else is poisonous if I'm not wrong. They have narcotic properties, so another possibility is that they would chew is as a primitive painkiller for tooth decay. Red algae have a lot of chemicals also that could act as primitive cures.

Modern research techniques are wonderful, but if the humans lack of the ability to include instinct, observation, logical thinking and link facts; their results will try to run wild into full gallop. They can be more a trap than a solution if not filtered by common sense.

[+] gorkempacaci|2 years ago|reply
Not seaweed but in Turkey we still eat marsh samphire (Salicornia europaea), barilla plant (Salsola soda), and rock samphire (Crithmum). These grow in the tidal marshes on the sea. Very salty and delicious. It is not a rare thing either, in Izmir every other fish restaurant will serve these in season.
[+] rrrrrrrrrrrryan|2 years ago|reply
The stuff is tremendously nutritious.

There's a theory named the "kelp highway hypothesis," which describes how the first people to make it to America might have taken a coastal route (instead an inland route via the land bridge). By following the massive coastal kelp beds, these hunter gatherers would have been able to sustain themselves with kelp itself when no other food was available.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_migration_(Americas)#K...