[WindyLakeReturn]

There are infinite many such strings, so that alone can't be used to prove the Turing machine of k states can check all strings. So that leaves open the original question, how do we know that a Turing machine of k states is able to have one of the stated outcomes for any possible bit string?

[nyssos]

> There are infinite many such strings

And they can be enumerated by a finite program. For example, in lazily evaluated pseudocode:

    bits = ["0", "1"]
    bitstrings = bits + [(bit + suffix for bit in bits) for suffix in bitstrings]