[linvs]

Outstanding write-up! We actually built a business based on this technology (occuspace.io) and have had to address almost all the questions that you brought up. To answer some of them here:

Q: How accurate is BLE beacon count, as a proxy for occupancy?

A: It's very highly correlated but different dining locations, classrooms and library floors have very different correlation factors. Consider using other, perhaps more complex features, as well.

Q: How accurate is BLE beacon availability time, as a proxy for dwell time?

A: We don't believe it is very accurate given that BT MAC's randomize every 8-20 mins depending on manufacturer.

Q: Can we improve the accuracy by setting an RSSI minimum, for which devices weaker than it do not count, to ensure only those who are really nearby get counted?

A: That's a great idea. It's worth noting that different types of spaces and depending on where you installed your sensor, will have different threshold levels.

[bambax]

> How accurate is BLE beacon count, as a proxy for occupancy?

But how often is an accurate count needed? The initial requirement of the project was just for the OP to "avoid crowds in the dining hall", and for that all one needs is a general idea of highs and lows.

In your business, do customers expect high accuracy? All of them, or some of them?

Also, regarding MAC address, even if they're randomized, isn't there a way to know what kind of device it is? (to count only phones for example, and discard headphones, etc.)

[georgeashworth]

Does this type of occupancy tracking work accurately outdoors? I'm assuming it would be difficult because signals would travel further. (My startup needs occupancy tracking for tennis courts.)

Maybe I could mount a BT device at a corner of the outdoor space and use its signal strength as the threshold value.

[rsaxvc]

If you want to get really spicy, you can use two antennas and an SDR to compute angle of arrival using nothing but a BLE advertisement's data . This is different from BLE AoA as it doesn't require a cooperative transmitter.

[rsaxvc]

You could use the BLE AoA extension as well to derive an angle: https://www.bluetooth.com/blog/new-aoa-aod-bluetooth-capabil...

[sgu999]

Did you consider using BT or UWB as a radar? On a tennis court you won't have any obstacles to worry about, I suspect it's relatively easy to solve.

UWB in particular is accurate enough to get breathing patterns...

[linvs]

It does but we don't have a battery powered option (yet) so power availability is the bigger issue. Our sensors can only be outlet powered. Each sensor can cover cover roughly 5,000 sq.ft. or about two tennis courts.

[rsaxvc]

You could mount one at each corner and use a directional antenna to help.

[enva2712]

You the same george ashworth that used to work at d&b?

[emmelaich]

FWIW, Meraki gives you this as well as part of their cloud management of their network. They might be able to do a lot more if they track wifi, wifi macs, and vision and tie it together.

Just letting you know of one of your potential competitors.

[rozab]

The differing correlation factors seems like a difficult problem for productizing this. I would expect a STEM college building to have maybe >3 BT devices per person, while other venues may have less than 1.

[leobg]

Can you do fall detection for the elderly?

[hellweaver666]

Seeed Studio (maker of the Xiao) have mmwave sensors that can do fall detection.