I'd have more sympathy for this point of view if the Big 6 publishers hadn't been running a de facto cartel since, well... forever, and basing their relationship with authors on a business model that could be compared, unfavorably, with a payday loan operation.
The DeBeers artificial scarcity model of publishing doesn't work any more. I won't miss it.
Note that there will still be plenty of work for editors, cover artists, and other creative professionals. There's just no longer a need for a "publisher" that essentially does nothing but sit in the middle and siphon off 80% of the revenue. Art, printing, even copyediting are already largely outsourced by the publishers, and have been for years.
The difference between the old-school publishers and Amazon is that Bezos knows the ebook business can be disintermediated if he starts screwing authors and consumers. It could happen in a matter of months. Maybe weeks. All it would take would be for one Stephen King to hire some guys to set up a server farm and start providing ebook distribution for his fellow authors under better terms than Amazon ("Stephen King" used as a placeholder here for "author with excellent name recognition and some spare capital hanging around" -- I doubt King himself would be interested).
"I had to run my own self-publishing op I'd lose half my writing time to what is essentially a peripheral activity"
Nonsense. He could put his books up for sale with little more effort than it took to put up that blog post.
If he's talking about covers, copyediting, and so forth, you can hire that done. There are even people now who will take care of the whole book package for you for an up-front fee (rather than raking 80% off the top in perpetuity) -- quite possibly involving some of the same people that the publisher is already using.
I really can't think of anyone who's been as consistently wrong about ebooks as Stross (I do like his fiction, though :-)).
Note this post from 2007, where he basically pooh-poohs the whole idea of ebooks becoming a significant player:
Ahem: apropos that 2007 post of mine, I will stand right behind it. Back in March 2007, it was right on the nail.
In case you've forgotten:
- In March 2007, most book titles from the big six were not available as ebooks at all.
- Kindle did not exist. (Launched November 2007)
- Those ebooks that were available were usually priced at the same, or higher than the equivalent paper edition "in order to avoid cannibalizing sales".
- We had a systematic problem with proliferating, rival ebook file formats: ePub wasn't a standard yet (not until September 2007 - that blog entry was from March '07), Mobipocket was still out there and competing with weird shit like Aportis Doc and iSilo for the PalmOS market, Microsoft was still performing CPR on .LIT format, and so on.
- Sales of ebooks amounted to less than 0.5% of the total sales of books. The big six were ignoring them, basically.
- The iPhone as an app platform did not exist. (The original iPhone was announced on January 9th, 2007, but was to only run web apps. The app store lay in the future.) Android didn't launch for another year, and the multitouch big-screen smartphone (capable of running an ebook reader app) simply did not exist.
- Cheap ebook reader devices ... are still a minority pursuit today, even though the price has pushed down to just under $99; the real breakthrough has been the [free] ebook apps for Android and iOS which turn every smartphone into a potential ebook reader. Back in March 2007, a typical e-ink ebook reader cost around $399 (something like the Sony PRS-505 or the Irex Iliad) and the nearest thing to a smartphone you could buy had buttons and a stylus. Not to mention an eye-stabbingly bad screen (anyone else remember having a Treo 650 with a 320x320 pixel display and being so happy because it was an improvement over what they had before?).
I will plead guilty to not having predicted the disruptive effect of iPhone apps in March 2007, sold from an app store that Steve Jobs had pretty much ruled out. How about you?
I'd have more sympathy for this point of view if the Big 6 publishers hadn't been running a de facto cartel since, well... forever, and basing their relationship with authors on a business model that could be compared, unfavorably, with a payday loan operation.
Seriously? Standard author contracts have clauses that a) acknowledge that the author owns all copyrights & is only granting the publisher a limited right to publish, b) said publishing rights revert to the author if the publishers ceases to publish the work (admittedly a more difficult concept in these days of permanently available e-books, anyone know how this is being handled these days?) and c) the publishing industry is structured so that (sane) authors are represented by agents who are not employed by the publishers.
By comparison with the music industry the publishing world is populated by saints! (Personally, I wonder if the fact that authors tend to be represented by agents instead of the music industry model where musicians are usually signed up by industry representatives is an accident of history that explains the relative difference in the normative contracts between the two. Thoughts?)
Har. Nice article and a well-made argument. However I suspect that the big 6 are going to accept a world without DRM the same way as the MPAA and RIAA before them: kicking, screaming and fighting until the last breath to prevent anyone from staunching the massive gaping wounds they've inflicted on themselves.
In an ideal world, a world where media companies do what's best for themselves and their customers, I think publishers would act as you've predicted, for the reasons you've said. But instead I'd wager they'll standardise on some other format, or maybe a few (incompatible, of course) formats, announce some token partnerships with uninspiring hardware manufacturers, and generally mill about without any kind of strategy.
Meanwhile Amazon starts quietly disintermediating its way through the publishers themselves with its self-publishing programme. It starts to look pretty compelling, especially with mushrooming ebook sales. A few medium-big authors make the jump and start crowing about their awesome royalty rates. Publishers freak the hell out. The standard ebook price drops to $5. Repeat until everyone else is out of business.
Frankly, I think the only hope is an indie renaissance a la Bandcamp and the recent wave of DRM-free comedy. A compelling online publishing startup that knows how to appropriately wield its "we're not Amazon" cred could get some serious traction. Most authors I know are pretty savvy, and extremely wary of an Amazon monopsony. Unfortunately, they have to go where the money is, and the available options seem to be dwindling.
So, in your doomsday scenario, I get books for $5 and authors make more money? I'll take it.
The crux of Stross's argument for why we should fear Amazon's low prices is that it's "predatory pricing"--that Amazon was selling e-books below cost so they could jack up the prices later after they had their monopoly (or, equivalently, lower payments to authors after they were a monopsonist).
But apparently Stross didn't read the DOJ complaint, because it turns out Amazon's e-bookstore was consistently profitable! 9.99 bestsellers were just the equivalent of cheap milk at grocery stores--loss leaders.
The DRM prediction in the article is pretty good, but both you and Stross misunderstand why Amazon is winning. It's not because they're cheating--it's because they're more efficient and so can make money at lower price points.
"However I suspect that the big 6 are going to accept a world without DRM the same way as the MPAA and RIAA before them: kicking, screaming and fighting until the last breath to prevent anyone from staunching the massive gaping wounds they've inflicted on themselves."
This is completely true. As someone has worked in the ebook sector for close to 10 years, the publishers (with a few notable exceptions) continue to dig a deeper hole for themselves. The three main problems in the ebook sector are:
- DRM, Territoriality, The Agency Model introduced in 2010
The problems of DRM have already been covered in detail.
Regarding territoriality, we have ridiculous set of restrictions about who we, as a retailer, can sell an ebook to. A large publishing house will have separate entities setup in the US, Candada, the UK and Australia. Each one of these produces the same ebook that can be sold in a restricted set of countries at different prices. This causes all kinds of complications. Take for example a US citizen who in the army who is trying to purchase an ebook in Afghanistan. Do we rely on their IP address or credit card when determining whether they're allowed the book? The is a litany of other examples where territoriality complicates things helping no one, not even the people imposing it.
By 2010 Amazon had cut prices on ebooks to a level where they were losing money on each sale. Their strategy was fairly clear, build a large user base locked into their platform, bankrupt the competition then strong-arm the publishers to get a larger cut of the profits. The publishers freaked out and imposed a new model in the US where all ebook retailers were considered agents and couldn't discount their books; fixed prices across all retailers.
This move means that the publishers have complicated their own business model to the extent where they can't handle it. Taxes down to the city level must be applied to any ebook sales made with the US. The publishers are struggling to ensure all their distributors are complying with fixed prices and Amazon is monitoring this situation closely. How come retailer X is not complying with your fixed pricing but we have to? The publishers are fearing lawsuits with good reason.
I don't know what the answer is. Our only options as an indie retailer is to pursue a mobile based reading experience on either android, wp7 or through the browser (DRM problems come into play here). Everyone has been pushed off IOS since August last year when Apple imposed a 30% commission on any purchases made through an app. This 30% is exactly the same percentage that retailers receive as an agent.
The history lesson on Amazon's business model is important, but the OP has it a bit wrong. The business model innovation was about inverting the cash flow and holding cash instead of inventory. Amazon actually pays suppliers much faster than traditional book retailers, making it better for the suppliers.
Traditional book retailers pay suppliers 90 days after the book enters inventory whereas Amazon averaged about 58 days. The problem for traditional retailers is they held books in inventory (i.e. the book went unsold) for an average of 167 days versus Amazon's 16 days. This resulted in retailers carrying the cost of the book for ~78 days while Amazon was able to hold the float for ~41 days.
The end result of that type of inversion is that Amazon can accept a much lower margin, earn the float on the cash and live off much faster inventory turns than a traditional retailer. This was much more brilliant than "disintermediation" - as another poster has correctly noted, Amazon was an aggregator/replacement, not a true disintermediator.
I largely agree with the analysis in this essay, but I believe the book market can be more significantly disrupted than is currently being suggested. Here are the significant changes I see:
- Screen technology will improve so that the distinction between e-paper and conventional displays becomes irrelevant. I really think the retina display on the iPad is good enough for most people in most situations, and that the iPad will be a significant rival to the Kindle in the ebook market.
- Currently ebook readers are very limited in what they can display, due to their display technology and limited processing power. This limitation will disappear (see above -- the iPad)
- When the above occur there is no need for a special ebook format. An ebook is just a website. We have a huge investment already in creating websites which makes the cost of doing so virtually zero. Creating a book will require far fewer people (maybe an editor, some marketing assistance, and a few days of a graphic designer's time).
- Once we realise that an ebook is just a website, we can get away from the idea that a book is a single homogenous entity. Why not sell a chapter at a time, and use the feedback to improve subsequent chapters, in the same way we use A/B testing (or hopefully, bandit algorithms [http://mynaweb.com -- my startup]) to improve sites? Why not sell multimedia packages of text, screencasts, etc for technical books? (This already happens.) This gets away from the stupid model of paying advances that publishers currently use.
- People will need a discovery mechanism, but we already many of these for the Internet in general. Maybe new ones specialised to books will emerge. In this more open world it will be harder for anyone to get a monopoly.
I'm looking forward to a world where some books return to their 1800s newspaper-style formats: short chapters published weekly, like we get some graphic novels on the web now. I WANT to pay the author, and look forward to this happening. It's definitely a great space to look into. It may exist already and I don't know about it? (again, leaving it open for some startup to make waves..)
Sounds something like a return to the magazine sales nodel of Dicken's time. I think there's probably room for this kind of "soap opera" type sales: you've only got to look at the way people follow long form fan-fic authors, commenting on chapters as they're released & interacting with the author as they write to see that this kind of model could be possible.
I doubt it will work for all forms of writing, some works just don't suit the episodic format, but I'm sure it will work for some.
I don't think beefed up LCD displays are superior to eink for the purpose of reading books (or text). Thats akin to adding another horse to horse carriage while someone is rapidly iterating cars.
It might happen that the LCD prevails - if its true that people place a huge premium on integrated solutions. Thats one theory behind the explosion of the smartphone market.
Regarding screens, I honestly don't know that making the screen better makes for a better reading experience.
I'm in LOVE with my Kindle eInk display and, while it isn't nearly as 'all around good' as a Retina display for anything other than reading, I can't read for nearly as long on a retina screen as I can on eInk. The only complaint I would posit for eInk is that page turns are fairly slow, but that's on my older model Kindle. My wife's newer Kindle is much faster, though still noticeably slower than an iPad.
Regarding the 'chapter-by-chapter' publishing, Leanpub[1] is doing this today to some degree. Not 100% sure on the chapter-by-chapter functionality, but at the very least, updates to leanpub books are pushed out automatically to anybody who has purchased a copy.
Raganwald is publishing his new book[2] there as well, which was the first I'd heard of them.
Some clarifications, I guess? I don't think Amazon is loss-leading the ebook market to secure a monopoly; you do that in an already established market. Instead, what I think they are doing is trying to bootstrap the ebook market. And successfully, at growth rates far exceeding 100% every quarter.
Also, Amazon is not replacing warehouses with on-demand just yet. They are rapidly expanding with many new warehouses opened every year. What they are doing is much more ingenious: they setup marketplace to allow other companies to sell products lacking in Amazons portfolio through their website. Then they offer the vendors to do shipping and storage through Amazon warehouses. Then they ultimately add products generating lots of revenue (and profit) to their own portfolio, cutting out the vendor completely.
As with "amazon basic" products, sometimes their scheme extends as far as to completely replace the producer.
I'm with Amazon in this battle, and this battle alone, because I want e-books to become cheaper, but in the same time we need to see what we can do about Amazon later on to make them adopt an open e-pub format. I say open e-pub format because others use e-pub, too, and it's still closed (like Apple with iBooks).
We need to get to a point where people can easily leave the Amazon bookstore if they wanted, and they wouldn't feel "locked in" within the Amazon ecosystem.
But how is Amazon "disintermediating" anything? It's simply taking the place of a previous intermediary (bookshops).
The next step will be that authors will sell to readers directly; that will disintermediate both publishers and Amazon, and there's no reason it should not happen.
Au contraire: the reason it won't happen is that most folks are not tech-savvy geeks. Most writers want to write, not deal with the minutiae of self-publishing (which is not the same thing at all), and most readers who buy ebooks aren't savvy enough about downloading files and shoving them onto a peripheral device. Oh, and reading books is already a marginal activity: anything that reduces the size of the market by even the 10% who are least tech-savvy is going to hit the producers in the wallet.
(It's easy to lose sight of, but the entire world does not consist of people similar to HN readers gearing up to launch a new startup. Not even close.)
What would the world be like, if you could instantly buy every book as an ebook anywhere in the world, if ereaders were clearly more convenient to use than paperbooks and if they were so cheap, that everybody who now owns 1 book would own 1 ereader?
I might be wrong, but in my imagination this would be awesome, offering nearly limitless possibilities for disruption. For example the adoption of open-source textbooks in schools would be much easier, academic research in some countries would really benefit from easier access to materials.
I think there is no question that this will be technologically feasible at some point in the future. The question is, if it happens and when. I hope it happens as fast as possible and judging by the development of the ebook world from 1990-2007 and 2007-Now, Amazon is by far more beneficial than the traditional publishers in this regard.
Certainly a monopoly is never optimal, but let's worry about that once the future has arrived. There is always antitrust law. Until then, I hope Amazon (or Google or Apple or ...) achieves as much marketshare as possible and pushes the development onward.
It depends. Most seem to hover in the neighborhood of around $.01 – .02 per word; take someone like this guy, who I've thought about hiring: http://www.mikesirota.com/fees.htm . A typical novel will run about 85,000 words, so he'll probably charge about $1500. I think these guys: http://www.bookdocs.com/ charge similar prices. If you want to publish a 250,000-word epic fantasy novel, that's obviously going to cost more.
I agree largely with this--especially about removing DRM. What complicates it for me is that it's very hard for me to have any sympathy for the publishers as they brought this upon themselves. They can't play victim as long as they keep DRM.
"Amazon has the potential to be like that predatory big box retailer on a global scale."
Amazon is not so good at global (compared to other big internet businesses anyway)
It only really works in a selected few countries/languages (US + Canada China France Germany Italy Japan Spain United Kingdom, as the site tells us)
Another interesting question arising from that is: What are countries/languages which has no Amazon are going to do? They don't have monopoly, but they perhaps also lag behind in e-book sales, suffering from the lack of synergy and convenience provided by amazon website + readers + applications + 3rd party support.
Charlie, while I basically agree with your article, from my perspective Amazon has been good for you: I bought one of your books for the Kindle platform after reading a comment you wrote on HN, liked it, and have bought several more. If the whole process was not so quick and easy, I might not have done the impulse buy and bought the first book. Sounds like a nice town to live in.
This was a interesting read and the OP makes a good point. But couldn't the publishers just make a deal with e-book reader makers (which are struggling against Amazon too) and create a DRM "open" standard?
By the way, I'm almost only buying ebooks from Amazon lately and, despite the convenience, this does make me pretty uneasy.
I suspect if they tried such a gambit, AMZN could -- justifiably -- call for a DoJ investigation into unfair restraint of trade. (Or just ignore it altogether, insofar as AMZN has still got over 60% of the US ebook market.)
Besides, the whole point of DRM is to impede portability. What's got the publishers into this mess is being more concerned about piracy (and therefore opposing portability) than about empowering a hostile monopsony. The quickest way out of the quagmire is to open up.
We saw this before, with music in the iTunes Store: 2003, everything is DRM'd up the wazoo. 2010: suddenly Warner Music are happy for Apple to sell you un-encrypted downloads. Luckily for the music cos, Apple are primarily interested in selling hardware. Amazon's priorities are different, and much more dangerous ...
That's already happened - the Adobe DRM "standard", and readers like the Kobo. It's going nowhere, because the selection of ebooks is much smaller than Amazon's, so few people want to buy one of their readers, and you can't read those ebooks on the kindle, so no-one buys the books either.
If they sold DRM-free ebooks then there might be a chance for other ebook stores to get established selling to kindle owners (though given how well integrated the kindle and its store are, I'm not sure), and then amazon might be forced to sell DRM-free ebooks too and at that point the market in readers could open up, and it'd be music all over again (where iTunes is still the 800lb gorilla, but no longer in a monopoly position). You'd think book publishers would learn from history...
We recently purchased patio furniture and elected to buy Amazon's brand.
It's cleverly branded "Strathwood" because it was (a) Rated well (b) About 60% as expensive as other, lower rated choices.
The benefit to ME, the consumer, in this case is substantial - better quality, cheaper and - oh yah - shipped in 2 days to my home for free (Prime).
That convenience and quality factor is going to be damned hard to defend yourself against in retail, and clearly this is where the future of consumer retail is going.
The author seems to be arguing against letting this play out in the free market.
Yet in the past decade we've watched AAPL serve consumers with innovation and quality, and vertically integrate themselves into the world's largest company.
We are living through an unbelievable change in consumer purchasing and commerce.
The full impact of this change is hard to overstate, and trying to regulate it properly would be like a sandcastle against the sea at this point.
They're still reacting. But they've finally woken up and smelled the smoke from their burning walled gardens, and they're trying to form a bucket chain.
The trouble seems to be that 19th/early 20th century anti-trust law, from the era of the coal and steel and oil monopolies, is a really bad fit for modern service industries. Not to mention moving too slowly. And taking aim in the wrong direction. (Such as the DoJ ignoring the $48Bn goliath with 85% market share and taking aim on the half-dozen $1-4Bn corporations trying not to get squashed by AMZN by sucking up to AAPL.)
Not everyone lives in cities surrounded by mega bookshop/cafes, prior to Amazon, if I wanted a book I had to order it from the library, pay $2 and pick it up after a 50 minute drive to town. ditto if I wanted to buy a book it was $15-$30 and a 50 minute drive and a really small choice unless I ordered and waited another 2 weeks. (Prices converted from NZ$ to US$) - Amazon delivered actual real books from the US to NZ for less than that and the kindle moves me now to a level playing field with the rest of the world and no trees cut down or gas guzzled in the process.
Seriously I've been stuffed ridged on price for the past 30 years by book sellers and publishers, and as much as I hate corporate evil, I dont consider amazon has done anything evil (yet), and if anything they have delivered payback in the form of a large kick in the nuts to the big publishing houses. If these people envy Amazons business model then make a better one and stop fucking whinging!
[+] [-] Turing_Machine|14 years ago|reply
The DeBeers artificial scarcity model of publishing doesn't work any more. I won't miss it.
Note that there will still be plenty of work for editors, cover artists, and other creative professionals. There's just no longer a need for a "publisher" that essentially does nothing but sit in the middle and siphon off 80% of the revenue. Art, printing, even copyediting are already largely outsourced by the publishers, and have been for years.
The difference between the old-school publishers and Amazon is that Bezos knows the ebook business can be disintermediated if he starts screwing authors and consumers. It could happen in a matter of months. Maybe weeks. All it would take would be for one Stephen King to hire some guys to set up a server farm and start providing ebook distribution for his fellow authors under better terms than Amazon ("Stephen King" used as a placeholder here for "author with excellent name recognition and some spare capital hanging around" -- I doubt King himself would be interested).
"I had to run my own self-publishing op I'd lose half my writing time to what is essentially a peripheral activity"
Nonsense. He could put his books up for sale with little more effort than it took to put up that blog post.
If he's talking about covers, copyediting, and so forth, you can hire that done. There are even people now who will take care of the whole book package for you for an up-front fee (rather than raking 80% off the top in perpetuity) -- quite possibly involving some of the same people that the publisher is already using.
I really can't think of anyone who's been as consistently wrong about ebooks as Stross (I do like his fiction, though :-)).
Note this post from 2007, where he basically pooh-poohs the whole idea of ebooks becoming a significant player:
http://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2007/03/why-the-...
As Clay Shirky put it recently, publishing is no longer a job, it's a button.
Classic publishing is already dead. It just hasn't stopped twitching yet.
[+] [-] cstross|14 years ago|reply
In case you've forgotten:
- In March 2007, most book titles from the big six were not available as ebooks at all.
- Kindle did not exist. (Launched November 2007)
- Those ebooks that were available were usually priced at the same, or higher than the equivalent paper edition "in order to avoid cannibalizing sales".
- We had a systematic problem with proliferating, rival ebook file formats: ePub wasn't a standard yet (not until September 2007 - that blog entry was from March '07), Mobipocket was still out there and competing with weird shit like Aportis Doc and iSilo for the PalmOS market, Microsoft was still performing CPR on .LIT format, and so on.
- Sales of ebooks amounted to less than 0.5% of the total sales of books. The big six were ignoring them, basically.
- The iPhone as an app platform did not exist. (The original iPhone was announced on January 9th, 2007, but was to only run web apps. The app store lay in the future.) Android didn't launch for another year, and the multitouch big-screen smartphone (capable of running an ebook reader app) simply did not exist.
- Cheap ebook reader devices ... are still a minority pursuit today, even though the price has pushed down to just under $99; the real breakthrough has been the [free] ebook apps for Android and iOS which turn every smartphone into a potential ebook reader. Back in March 2007, a typical e-ink ebook reader cost around $399 (something like the Sony PRS-505 or the Irex Iliad) and the nearest thing to a smartphone you could buy had buttons and a stylus. Not to mention an eye-stabbingly bad screen (anyone else remember having a Treo 650 with a 320x320 pixel display and being so happy because it was an improvement over what they had before?).
I will plead guilty to not having predicted the disruptive effect of iPhone apps in March 2007, sold from an app store that Steve Jobs had pretty much ruled out. How about you?
[+] [-] pja|14 years ago|reply
Seriously? Standard author contracts have clauses that a) acknowledge that the author owns all copyrights & is only granting the publisher a limited right to publish, b) said publishing rights revert to the author if the publishers ceases to publish the work (admittedly a more difficult concept in these days of permanently available e-books, anyone know how this is being handled these days?) and c) the publishing industry is structured so that (sane) authors are represented by agents who are not employed by the publishers.
By comparison with the music industry the publishing world is populated by saints! (Personally, I wonder if the fact that authors tend to be represented by agents instead of the music industry model where musicians are usually signed up by industry representatives is an accident of history that explains the relative difference in the normative contracts between the two. Thoughts?)
[+] [-] sgentle|14 years ago|reply
In an ideal world, a world where media companies do what's best for themselves and their customers, I think publishers would act as you've predicted, for the reasons you've said. But instead I'd wager they'll standardise on some other format, or maybe a few (incompatible, of course) formats, announce some token partnerships with uninspiring hardware manufacturers, and generally mill about without any kind of strategy.
Meanwhile Amazon starts quietly disintermediating its way through the publishers themselves with its self-publishing programme. It starts to look pretty compelling, especially with mushrooming ebook sales. A few medium-big authors make the jump and start crowing about their awesome royalty rates. Publishers freak the hell out. The standard ebook price drops to $5. Repeat until everyone else is out of business.
Frankly, I think the only hope is an indie renaissance a la Bandcamp and the recent wave of DRM-free comedy. A compelling online publishing startup that knows how to appropriately wield its "we're not Amazon" cred could get some serious traction. Most authors I know are pretty savvy, and extremely wary of an Amazon monopsony. Unfortunately, they have to go where the money is, and the available options seem to be dwindling.
[+] [-] asr|14 years ago|reply
The crux of Stross's argument for why we should fear Amazon's low prices is that it's "predatory pricing"--that Amazon was selling e-books below cost so they could jack up the prices later after they had their monopoly (or, equivalently, lower payments to authors after they were a monopsonist).
But apparently Stross didn't read the DOJ complaint, because it turns out Amazon's e-bookstore was consistently profitable! 9.99 bestsellers were just the equivalent of cheap milk at grocery stores--loss leaders.
The DRM prediction in the article is pretty good, but both you and Stross misunderstand why Amazon is winning. It's not because they're cheating--it's because they're more efficient and so can make money at lower price points.
[+] [-] tren|14 years ago|reply
This is completely true. As someone has worked in the ebook sector for close to 10 years, the publishers (with a few notable exceptions) continue to dig a deeper hole for themselves. The three main problems in the ebook sector are:
- DRM, Territoriality, The Agency Model introduced in 2010
The problems of DRM have already been covered in detail.
Regarding territoriality, we have ridiculous set of restrictions about who we, as a retailer, can sell an ebook to. A large publishing house will have separate entities setup in the US, Candada, the UK and Australia. Each one of these produces the same ebook that can be sold in a restricted set of countries at different prices. This causes all kinds of complications. Take for example a US citizen who in the army who is trying to purchase an ebook in Afghanistan. Do we rely on their IP address or credit card when determining whether they're allowed the book? The is a litany of other examples where territoriality complicates things helping no one, not even the people imposing it.
By 2010 Amazon had cut prices on ebooks to a level where they were losing money on each sale. Their strategy was fairly clear, build a large user base locked into their platform, bankrupt the competition then strong-arm the publishers to get a larger cut of the profits. The publishers freaked out and imposed a new model in the US where all ebook retailers were considered agents and couldn't discount their books; fixed prices across all retailers.
This move means that the publishers have complicated their own business model to the extent where they can't handle it. Taxes down to the city level must be applied to any ebook sales made with the US. The publishers are struggling to ensure all their distributors are complying with fixed prices and Amazon is monitoring this situation closely. How come retailer X is not complying with your fixed pricing but we have to? The publishers are fearing lawsuits with good reason.
I don't know what the answer is. Our only options as an indie retailer is to pursue a mobile based reading experience on either android, wp7 or through the browser (DRM problems come into play here). Everyone has been pushed off IOS since August last year when Apple imposed a 30% commission on any purchases made through an app. This 30% is exactly the same percentage that retailers receive as an agent.
[+] [-] malay|14 years ago|reply
Traditional book retailers pay suppliers 90 days after the book enters inventory whereas Amazon averaged about 58 days. The problem for traditional retailers is they held books in inventory (i.e. the book went unsold) for an average of 167 days versus Amazon's 16 days. This resulted in retailers carrying the cost of the book for ~78 days while Amazon was able to hold the float for ~41 days.
The end result of that type of inversion is that Amazon can accept a much lower margin, earn the float on the cash and live off much faster inventory turns than a traditional retailer. This was much more brilliant than "disintermediation" - as another poster has correctly noted, Amazon was an aggregator/replacement, not a true disintermediator.
[+] [-] noelwelsh|14 years ago|reply
- Screen technology will improve so that the distinction between e-paper and conventional displays becomes irrelevant. I really think the retina display on the iPad is good enough for most people in most situations, and that the iPad will be a significant rival to the Kindle in the ebook market.
- Currently ebook readers are very limited in what they can display, due to their display technology and limited processing power. This limitation will disappear (see above -- the iPad)
- When the above occur there is no need for a special ebook format. An ebook is just a website. We have a huge investment already in creating websites which makes the cost of doing so virtually zero. Creating a book will require far fewer people (maybe an editor, some marketing assistance, and a few days of a graphic designer's time).
- Once we realise that an ebook is just a website, we can get away from the idea that a book is a single homogenous entity. Why not sell a chapter at a time, and use the feedback to improve subsequent chapters, in the same way we use A/B testing (or hopefully, bandit algorithms [http://mynaweb.com -- my startup]) to improve sites? Why not sell multimedia packages of text, screencasts, etc for technical books? (This already happens.) This gets away from the stupid model of paying advances that publishers currently use.
- People will need a discovery mechanism, but we already many of these for the Internet in general. Maybe new ones specialised to books will emerge. In this more open world it will be harder for anyone to get a monopoly.
So, what have I missed?
[+] [-] marquis|14 years ago|reply
[+] [-] pja|14 years ago|reply
Sounds something like a return to the magazine sales nodel of Dicken's time. I think there's probably room for this kind of "soap opera" type sales: you've only got to look at the way people follow long form fan-fic authors, commenting on chapters as they're released & interacting with the author as they write to see that this kind of model could be possible.
I doubt it will work for all forms of writing, some works just don't suit the episodic format, but I'm sure it will work for some.
[+] [-] revelation|14 years ago|reply
It might happen that the LCD prevails - if its true that people place a huge premium on integrated solutions. Thats one theory behind the explosion of the smartphone market.
[+] [-] bmelton|14 years ago|reply
I'm in LOVE with my Kindle eInk display and, while it isn't nearly as 'all around good' as a Retina display for anything other than reading, I can't read for nearly as long on a retina screen as I can on eInk. The only complaint I would posit for eInk is that page turns are fairly slow, but that's on my older model Kindle. My wife's newer Kindle is much faster, though still noticeably slower than an iPad.
Regarding the 'chapter-by-chapter' publishing, Leanpub[1] is doing this today to some degree. Not 100% sure on the chapter-by-chapter functionality, but at the very least, updates to leanpub books are pushed out automatically to anybody who has purchased a copy.
Raganwald is publishing his new book[2] there as well, which was the first I'd heard of them.
[1] - http://leanpub.com/
[2] - http://leanpub.com/stealthisbook
[+] [-] revelation|14 years ago|reply
Also, Amazon is not replacing warehouses with on-demand just yet. They are rapidly expanding with many new warehouses opened every year. What they are doing is much more ingenious: they setup marketplace to allow other companies to sell products lacking in Amazons portfolio through their website. Then they offer the vendors to do shipping and storage through Amazon warehouses. Then they ultimately add products generating lots of revenue (and profit) to their own portfolio, cutting out the vendor completely.
As with "amazon basic" products, sometimes their scheme extends as far as to completely replace the producer.
[+] [-] nextparadigms|14 years ago|reply
We need to get to a point where people can easily leave the Amazon bookstore if they wanted, and they wouldn't feel "locked in" within the Amazon ecosystem.
[+] [-] bambax|14 years ago|reply
The next step will be that authors will sell to readers directly; that will disintermediate both publishers and Amazon, and there's no reason it should not happen.
[+] [-] cstross|14 years ago|reply
(It's easy to lose sight of, but the entire world does not consist of people similar to HN readers gearing up to launch a new startup. Not even close.)
[+] [-] brazzy|14 years ago|reply
[+] [-] Atropos|14 years ago|reply
I might be wrong, but in my imagination this would be awesome, offering nearly limitless possibilities for disruption. For example the adoption of open-source textbooks in schools would be much easier, academic research in some countries would really benefit from easier access to materials.
I think there is no question that this will be technologically feasible at some point in the future. The question is, if it happens and when. I hope it happens as fast as possible and judging by the development of the ebook world from 1990-2007 and 2007-Now, Amazon is by far more beneficial than the traditional publishers in this regard.
Certainly a monopoly is never optimal, but let's worry about that once the future has arrived. There is always antitrust law. Until then, I hope Amazon (or Google or Apple or ...) achieves as much marketshare as possible and pushes the development onward.
[+] [-] russell|14 years ago|reply
What does it cost for an editor to edit a 300-400 page novel written by a decent author?
How about cover art?
Marketing is an entirely different animal. I dont think you do book tours for ebooks.
[+] [-] jseliger|14 years ago|reply
How about cover art?
About $500: http://www.extendedimagery.com/info.html . You can probably find people charging more money or less.
This is a topic of great interest to me because I'm probably going to take the plunge in the next six months, if not sooner.
[+] [-] kkwok|14 years ago|reply
[+] [-] dhimes|14 years ago|reply
[+] [-] guard-of-terra|14 years ago|reply
Another interesting question arising from that is: What are countries/languages which has no Amazon are going to do? They don't have monopoly, but they perhaps also lag behind in e-book sales, suffering from the lack of synergy and convenience provided by amazon website + readers + applications + 3rd party support.
[+] [-] mark_l_watson|14 years ago|reply
[+] [-] danmaz74|14 years ago|reply
By the way, I'm almost only buying ebooks from Amazon lately and, despite the convenience, this does make me pretty uneasy.
[+] [-] cstross|14 years ago|reply
Besides, the whole point of DRM is to impede portability. What's got the publishers into this mess is being more concerned about piracy (and therefore opposing portability) than about empowering a hostile monopsony. The quickest way out of the quagmire is to open up.
We saw this before, with music in the iTunes Store: 2003, everything is DRM'd up the wazoo. 2010: suddenly Warner Music are happy for Apple to sell you un-encrypted downloads. Luckily for the music cos, Apple are primarily interested in selling hardware. Amazon's priorities are different, and much more dangerous ...
[+] [-] lmm|14 years ago|reply
[+] [-] moultano|14 years ago|reply
[+] [-] aresant|14 years ago|reply
It's cleverly branded "Strathwood" because it was (a) Rated well (b) About 60% as expensive as other, lower rated choices.
The benefit to ME, the consumer, in this case is substantial - better quality, cheaper and - oh yah - shipped in 2 days to my home for free (Prime).
That convenience and quality factor is going to be damned hard to defend yourself against in retail, and clearly this is where the future of consumer retail is going.
The author seems to be arguing against letting this play out in the free market.
Yet in the past decade we've watched AAPL serve consumers with innovation and quality, and vertically integrate themselves into the world's largest company.
We are living through an unbelievable change in consumer purchasing and commerce.
The full impact of this change is hard to overstate, and trying to regulate it properly would be like a sandcastle against the sea at this point.
edit - Calacanis has an interesting article on this as well, further suggesting retail stores, etc -> http://www.launch.co/blog/amazon-has-a-ton-of-white-label-pr...
[+] [-] andrewflnr|14 years ago|reply
[+] [-] cstross|14 years ago|reply
The trouble seems to be that 19th/early 20th century anti-trust law, from the era of the coal and steel and oil monopolies, is a really bad fit for modern service industries. Not to mention moving too slowly. And taking aim in the wrong direction. (Such as the DoJ ignoring the $48Bn goliath with 85% market share and taking aim on the half-dozen $1-4Bn corporations trying not to get squashed by AMZN by sucking up to AAPL.)
[+] [-] jcurbo|14 years ago|reply
[+] [-] fleitz|14 years ago|reply
[+] [-] iRobot|14 years ago|reply
Seriously I've been stuffed ridged on price for the past 30 years by book sellers and publishers, and as much as I hate corporate evil, I dont consider amazon has done anything evil (yet), and if anything they have delivered payback in the form of a large kick in the nuts to the big publishing houses. If these people envy Amazons business model then make a better one and stop fucking whinging!
[+] [-] kbronson|14 years ago|reply