[castratikron]

You could either 1. itemize the charging bill on their monthly rent, if that parking spot is reserved for one tenant. Really should be no difference from the rest of their electricity use. 2. Charge a flat fee on their rent, and then give them charging for free between off-peak hours. Some utilities offer very cheap off peak rates for EV charging, 3. integrate a credit card reader or bill acceptor for cash payment. Option 3 seems hard if you are trying to cost optimize the charger hardware.

I am bearish on universal PnC being practical to implement. Every EV manufacturer has to make agreements with every EVSE operator to use the same root CAs and same billing system. If you think of an EVSE like a vending machine, there really is no interoperability precedent for this kind of payment. Tesla is special case because they operate both the cars and charging network. But if Pepsi owned and operated all of their vending machines, we probably would have seen the same walled garden.