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Scientists discover underlying cause of "brain fog" linked with Long Covid

124 points| geox | 2 years ago |tcd.ie

40 comments

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[+] tomrod|2 years ago|reply
> Now, the findings reported by the Trinity team in the top international journal Nature Neuroscience showed that there was disruption to the integrity of the blood vessels in the brains of patients suffering from Long COVID and brain fog. This blood vessel “leakiness” was able to objectively distinguish those patients with brain fog and cognitive decline compared to patients suffering from Long-COVID but not with brain fog.

> The team led by scientists at the Smurfit Institute of Genetics in Trinity’s School of Genetics and Microbiology and neurologists in the School of Medicine have also uncovered a novel form of MRI scan that shows how Long-COVID can affect the human brain’s delicate network of blood vessels.

[+] penjelly|2 years ago|reply
nuance is beautiful
[+] adamgordonbell|2 years ago|reply
I was going to guess it was the immune system. That an immune response was still being activated, like in lupus or IBS or whatever.

But what they found was damaged blood vessels in the brain.

I'm not sure if that is better or worse? Can they heal?

[+] neolefty|2 years ago|reply
The article says it's both.

> "For the first time, we have been able to show that leaky blood vessels in the human brain, in tandem with a hyperactive immune system may be the key drivers of brain fog associated with Long COVID. ..." — Prof. Matthew Campbell, Professor in Genetics and Head of Genetics at Trinity, and Principal Investigator at FutureNeuro.

As for healing, I'd think blood vessels could! The article doesn't say whether it's an autoimmune problem, so I suspect the researchers are being conservative or don't know?

> "The concept that many other viral infections that lead to post-viral syndromes might drive blood vessel leakage in the brain is potentially game changing and is under active investigation by the team.” — also Prof. Campbell

[+] randcraw|2 years ago|reply
As for treatment/healing:

[from the article -- BBB is Blood Brain Barrier]

"We have three on-going, major follow-up initiatives. First, we are assessing, in a temporal manner, whether symptom resolution in patients who had long COVID and brain fog is accompanied by the resolution of BBB disruption. Second, we are screening novel BBB regulators to specifically target and treat the BBB disruption observed. This is exciting as we do not need to develop therapeutics to cross the BBB per se, but rather only to stabilize the structure. Last, we are expanding our clinical research into examining BBB integrity in other post-viral illnesses in tandem with functional neurological disorders (those conditions with no current observable basis for them). It is our vision that targeted regulation of the BBB will change the landscape of how neurological disorders are treated in the future."

[+] logtempo|2 years ago|reply
As far as I understand, you are saying that blood vessels are the cause of long COVID, but vascular disruption predispose to long term COVID. So it's more a feature of COVID(or other disease I guess?) than a feature of long term COVID specifically.

> Vascular disruption has been implicated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and may predispose to the neurological sequelae associated with long COVID, yet it is unclear how blood–brain barrier (BBB) function is affected in these conditions.

[+] lupire|2 years ago|reply
Shouldn't this apply to brain fog outside of COVID? Was this obvious idea of scanning the brain for brain fog never tried before?
[+] jijijijij|2 years ago|reply
> Was this obvious idea of scanning the brain for brain fog never tried before?

> The team led by scientists at the Smurfit Institute of Genetics in Trinity’s School of Genetics and Microbiology and neurologists in the School of Medicine have also uncovered a novel form of MRI scan

A typical clinical MRI machine has a resolution of about 2mm. Small lesions are invisible to it. They are expensive to run and, more importantly, a scan takes a long time, so you usually only do some sort of specialized detail measurements, not a detailed "full picture" of everything. MRI machines typically run non-stop to be economically viable (just the helium coolant costs something like 200k$ per year), consequently your research likely competes with other teams', I presume. The contrasting agents able to cross the blood-brain-barrier are not substances without concern. They tend to accumulate in the brain, I guess people may be extra cautious with a hypothesis of hyperimmunity, or leaky blood vessels.

I am pretty sure a standard MRI scan of the brain did not show the described clinical evidence before.

Also:

> Undertaking this complicated clinical research study at a time of national crisis and when our hospital system was under severe pressure is a testament to the skill and resource of our medical trainees and staff.

[+] neolefty|2 years ago|reply
Yes, I think the research team is saying exactly that:

> "The concept that many other viral infections that lead to post-viral syndromes might drive blood vessel leakage in the brain is potentially game changing and is under active investigation by the team.” — Matthew Campbell, Professor in Genetics and Head of Genetics at Trinity, and Principal Investigator at FutureNeuro.

[+] H8crilA|2 years ago|reply
Long COVID shares a lot of symptoms with ME/CFS. And yes it has been researched before, but neurological illnesses are usually beyond our knowledge at this point. Additional funding/attention to Long COVID could help with both.
[+] springogeek|2 years ago|reply
It might do, but I suspect that it couldn't be studied so well because it's hard to account for arbitrary infections.

Part of the article talks about how testing and confirmation of a COVID diagnosis was a requirement here, which helps narrow down the study.

[+] sharts|2 years ago|reply
Apparently not. It seems like a lot of science things we hear about are about obvious things.

Maybe most obvious things don’t get funded so the research cannot be done.

[+] throwawaaarrgh|2 years ago|reply
Leaky brain. Well that's terrifying, how would one treat that?
[+] neolefty|2 years ago|reply
Per another comment here, it's probably autoimmune related. So it's complicated!
[+] op00to|2 years ago|reply
Bloodletting? Can’t leak if there’s no blood!
[+] 33a|2 years ago|reply
Makes sense given that it's been known covid attacks the ace2 receptor in blood vessels.
[+] codesections|2 years ago|reply
This is a press release issued by the Trinity College, the employer of the study authors. Thus, it represents more of a claim than an independent assessment.

I suggest editing the headline to reflect this - maybe "Scientists claim to have discovered underlying cause of Long Covid linked 'brain fog'"

[+] hotdogscout|2 years ago|reply
I thought my blood brain barrier was faulty because of COVID but this makes sense too
[+] alan-hn|2 years ago|reply
TFA is about the blood brain barrier
[+] MichaelMoser123|2 years ago|reply
we have had lots of complications after COVID, in my family. I have been cooking a lot onion soup - onions are supposed to strengthen the immune system and are anti-inflammatory. Now the result tastes good, and I think it helped them to get over that COVID shit. (however I guess there isn't a lot of science in this diatribe...)
[+] dormento|2 years ago|reply
> Now the result tastes good

Not that I could really tell, after having it twice.

Edit: having the disease, not your soup. I bet it tastes wonderful.