[_pi]

> because everything you cite in support of this describes rather than refutes institutional racism.

Please expand on this.

[dragonwriter]

Institutional racism includes institutional policies, practices, and structures with racially/ethnically biased effects, not just those with explicit racial/ethnic targeting, and even moreso not just those based on racial/ethnic animus.

The justifications upthread are a mix of explaining deliberate bias as not based on animus and explaining biased effects as not being deliberate bias; neither refutes institutional racism.

[_pi]

Okay how about this. Tell me which policies of the USSR were racist, who they were racist against and why you think they were racist.