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angiosperm | 1 year ago

We know Australia was already occupied at least 40kya, and maybe 60kya, and they can only have got there by sailing out of sight of land, even when sea levels were at their lowest (~400ft below current level). Neanderthals were on all east Mediterranean islands except Cyprus ~200kya. (Cyprus is not visible from the mainland or other islands closer to land.) They had to have used boats, although they did not need to navigate.

We have reliable evidence of people in North America 37kya, at the Hartley mammoth butchery site, perhaps from the same rootstock as the Australians. Curiously, they lacked the fancy stone tool industry the Siberians brought in much, much later, which might trace all the way back to Europeans 20kya. Apparently there are plenty of other mammoth sites not excavated because they are dated "too old" to involve people. It took Tim Rowe, a decorated paleontologist whose land it was was found on, to get that one dug up properly. Still it seems like no one will talk about it.

The millennium of 12,000 years ago was also when Gobekli Tepe and related sites were constructed, right at the sudden end of the Younger Dryas cold spell. Maybe innovation was newly acceptable in response to the fast-changing climate.

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