[YugyDugan]

If you're this new to electronics though, you're better off buying a hobbyist development board like any of those suggested in the guide. You don't need to concern yourself with this. Just plug in the USB cable.

If you're designing your own board, you would simply enter 3.3v and >150mA into the parametric search on Mouser, Digi-Key, TI, etc and pick whatever part takes your fancy.

This is so simple that there isn't any need for a guide. The datasheet for whatever regulator you choose will tell you the recommended input capacitance, output capacitance, inductance, any configuration resistors, etc.

Same goes for battery charger ICs, which can be just as simple or far more advanced, and there are new devices being announced all the time for everything from tiny energy harvesting applications to USB PD, which is what I mean when I say it'll be obsolete by the time it's announced.

It's daunting at first but you need to take the plunge: find a part that interests you on Mouser, integrate it into a design according to its datasheet, and order some PCBs. You'll be amazed how accessible it is.