[gradascent]

If you want to gain familiarity with the kind of terminology you mentioned here, but don't have a background in graduate-level mathematics (or even undergrad really), I highly recommend Andrew Ng's "Deep Learning Specialization" course on Coursera. It was made a few years ago but all of the fundamental concepts are still relevant today.

[antonjs]

Fei Fei Li and Andrej Karpathy's Stanford CS231N course is also a great intro to the basic of the math from an engineering forward perspective. I'm pretty sure all the materials are online. You build up from the basic components to an image focused CNN.