[mbmjertan]

> can point me to where to find more about this

Sorry, I’m not too familiar with English-language literature on algorithm design. I just remember this from my uni course on it :)

I believe we used Introduction to Algorithms by Cormen et al. as the basis, so it should be covered in depth there - but I’m not too sure.

> that is rather an extreme example. i do not see the how it affects the validity of the solution in most cases.

This is a fair point, but also a distinguishing factor between a heuristic and exact approach to algorithm solutions to problems. Algorithmic solutions usually have theorem proof-level rigor for exactness. Also, I just used the easiest counterexample to come up with :)