[fastneutron]

Celebrity exceptions are exactly that; exceptions. Those people knew an opportunity when they had one, and were able to generalize their early successes into other domains by leveraging the financial, social, and intellectual capital they accumulated. People who fit this description aren’t the ones reading this thread.

In some fields all you need is a computer and an idea to be impactful, but in plenty of other fields you’d be hard pressed to make any credible, let alone meaningful impact without significant intellectual preparation and tacit knowledge. These things only come through experience, and for many people, the PhD program is that experience.

[Over2Chars]

I agree that the exception is rare, but it suggests that the non-exception isn't exclusively necessary. It might suggest that the dominant paradigm of diplomas is quite non-optimal or at least optional.

Carlos Ghosn started out as a factory manager (although well educated), and in his Stanford interview the presenter noted that Stanford produced no factory managers, although it produces lots of would be global CEOs.

Perhaps it should produce more factory managers.

Musk has shown an ability to make an impact in multiple fields for which he seems quite under qualified for, for which he did not have "significant intellectual preparation and tacit knowledge". He read alot.

I think there are more non-celebrity exceptions that are simply not well known.

And there are lots of people in PhD programs who, despite their education, do not make credible or meaningful impacts, quite possibly not at all due to their competence or training quality, but due to wholly accidental or uncontrollable factors: industry shifts, business culture, changes in government research funding, or their entire paradigm being based on faulty assumptions that were simply not known and discovered later, or superseded by some innovation, etc.

Academics are rarely comfortable discussing the shortcomings of academia.

[fastneutron]

No, the non-exception is not absolutely necessary, and there are plenty of people on my staff who fit the description. There are also plenty more who Dunning-Krueger their way into thinking they do, but break down when challenged to do anything novel. Understand your options and choose your program carefully. > Musk has shown an ability to make an impact in multiple fields for which he seems quite under qualified for, for which he did not have "significant intellectual preparation and tacit knowledge". He read alot. He also had a giant pile of money from his PayPal windfall to hire the right people with the tacit knowledge to act on his ideas. The difference between a crank and eccentric businessman is the size of the budget they can wield when nobody else will. > Academics are rarely comfortable discussing the shortcomings of academia. Correct, which is why I’m not in academia.