[stjo]

You could also solve this with competition. If there were 10 ISPs it would be disadvantageous to give your customers reasons to leave you. Why aren’t there more ISPs? Maybe too many regulations. It is trivial to lay cable, except of course all the permits.

[sottol]

Or maybe it's an oligopoly where the incumbents have carved up the market and stopped competing, milking their customers instead.

Broadband is then extra special if you let the ISP also own the infrastructure as everyone has to reconnect their service to every house instead of one company (or forbid, the govt) owning the pipes and several companies competing for providing services over those shared pipes.

Imo the competition model doesn't necessarily (always) work that well for infra.

[immibis]

Because it's illegal to dig up the road without a permit and they won't give a permit to install new fiber when the road is already full of perfectly good unused fiber. They only grant one of those the first time.