[skwb]

I have published multiple papers in peer review journals where we were not covered by IRBs. That is not to say other research ethics standards don't exist, but that IRBs are simply one portion of the healthcare research regulations.

[ska]

Sure, there are also cases where it is not needed. But some called out in GP were not typically correct. And often it is opaque to the researchers only because someone did an IRB in an earlier step with usage that covers sharing it with you.