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Aryabhāta, an exceptional Indian mathematician born in 476 CE, left a lasting mark on mathematics and astronomy. At the age of 23, in 499 CE, he calculated pi to be approximately 3.1416 and suggested its irrational nature, relying on insights from Vedic traditions. He’s also widely recognized for introducing zero as a numeral and developing various mathematical and astronomical concepts. That said, the value of pi had been explored even earlier by another Indian mathematician, Baudhayana, around the 6th century BCE. Baudhayana not only worked out pi but also laid out what we now call the Pythagorean Theorem, long before it reached European scholars.