[The_suffocated]

Very interesting article. I don’t understand, however, how shorthanders used typewriters for short-writing. The figure on p.168 (above fig. 9) is not explanative.

[yorwba]

The numbers above the words indicate which finger (index, middle, ring) is used to press a key, the letters below indicate the hand (left or right). Basically a precursor of touch typing that doesn't use the little fingers and doesn't always use the same finger for the same key.

The actual shorthand would be written on paper, with the typewriter being used to expand it to a more readable form.

[The_suffocated]

Thank you. I mistakenly thought the typewriter was used to type shorthands.