[tndl]

Things are changing quickly in this area. Several projects/companies working on AI data assimilation (an alternative route to creating analysis data like ERA5)[0].

Also a lot of companies working on the data collection side, replacing/augmenting government data collection. Spire's an example of this in the space domain, and Windborne and Sorcerer (my company) do weather balloons.

[0]: E.g. Brightband's AIDA (https://www.brightband.com/blog/aida/) and Project Aardvark (https://www.turing.ac.uk/blog/project-aardvark-reimagining-a...)