[TremendousJudge]

>(And that's not even discussing penal slavery allowed under the 13th Amendment.)

To expand on this, knowingbetter did an in-depth video on this topic[0]. The salient bit is that penal slavery was ended in 1941-1942 by Roosevelt, so that the Japanese couldn't use it as war propaganda against the US.

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4kI2h3iotA

[dragonwriter]

> the salient bit is that penal slavery was ended in 1941-1942 by Roosevelt,

No, convict leasing, one of several manifestations of penal slavery, was (formally) ended by Roosevelt then. Penal slavery continues in the US today, although some states have abolished it recently (though there is litigation in some of those states over it being continued in practice despite the recent formal abolition.)