(no title)
cinericius | 6 months ago
I'd like to see some recognition from this crowd of the "free-ride competition" problem as this author puts it. What Herman is doing is a service to us all, and we should find a term (better than 'source-available', which is cold and doesn't capture community projects accurately) that people can promote themselves under without much weeping and gnashing of teeth.
EDIT from a comment in a thread way down, that summarises my point:
I argue that the natural winner-take-all dynamics of the marketplace are not beneficial to the the mission of free and open source software. In fact, having no safeguard against large organisations making money this way is actually hugely detrimental to the mission by enabling these companies to ensnare unsuspecting users in a web of both their own proprietary software as well as all that free and open source software has to offer.
swiftcoder|6 months ago
The original stance of the open source crowd was more along the lines of the GPL -> GPLv3 -> AGPL, which expressly prevents this kind of thing.
The proliferation of "give everything away for free" MIT/BSD/Apache licenses seems to me to have been an intentional campaign by corporate interests to undermine free software ideals
jwr|6 months ago
As a counterpoint, when I make something open source, I really mean "freedom", which includes the freedom to build a commercial service using the software. I use the MIT license not because of "corporate interests to undermine free software ideals", but because I really want the software to be free as in freedom.
GPL, GPLv3, AGPL and similar license actually restrict the freedom to do anything you want with the software. I'm not saying there is anything wrong with it, just that "free software ideals" could mean different things to different people, and there might not be any "corporate interests".
tsimionescu|6 months ago
LeFantome|6 months ago
Open Source provides the same “4 freedoms” as Free Software so most Open Source licenses qualify as Free Software as well.
If the goal is developer collaboration, permissive licenses are often the best choice. If you want maximum user entitlement, copyleft licenses limit developer freedom in exchange for a guarantee that future code will also be released as free software.
Cloud hosting was a challenge that did not exist when either philosophy first emerged.
With hosting, you are able to become the preferred source for software without adding much value to the code itself. This is what the author is complaining about.
The AGPL tries to address this in the GPL family but I don’t think it quite gets there. For permissive licenses, we see these “no hosting” exceptions.
If you read the early writings from the Free Software Foundation, they do not care if devs can make a living. The goal is user freedom. I think it is this philosophy that objects to the hosting exceptions.
Perhaps a better solution will be found in the future.
zimpenfish|6 months ago
Not wanting to further widen the schism but wasn't that the free software people rather than the open source people? cf [0], particularly the "not as strict" part.
> In the late 1990's Eric Raymond and others developed the term "open source" as a more business friendly term than "free software", with a more inclusive meaning where licenses that were not as strict about the passing on of modifications would also quality for the term.
[0] https://www.freeopensourcesoftware.org/index.php?title=Eric_...
ksec|6 months ago
>The proliferation of "give everything away for free" MIT/BSD/Apache licenses...
Interesting how the world have changed. The so called GPL preference, or GPL > GPLv3 > AGPL among Open source crowd is a recent thing. Arguably in the last 15 to 20 years. Both BSD and MIT dates back before GPL. And you will see far more people prefer BSD and MIT in the 90s and 00s.
I have also long argued that the license preference among generation has somewhat a linkage to political shift in spectrum. Likely to do with Tech, now known as Big tech taking advantage. And it used to be very cool if your OSS project get used by a big company, until it is not.
nicoburns|6 months ago
Is it not because corporations started funding open source projects in a big way (multiple billions of dollars a year big), and they fund projects that have licenses that they can use in their commercial projects.
To me that's a sign of the success of Open Source rather than the opposite.
tensor|6 months ago
gr4vityWall|6 months ago
Expanding on this, the Free Software movement always focused on freedom for users - which, in a world where copyright applies to computer programs, ultimately leads to the licenses you listed to repurpose it.
The Open Source movement usually tries to advocate for open-source as the best development model. As in, writing it in the open and contributing with other people will result in objectively better software in the long term. Others treated it (when the term was coined) as a marketing term for Free Software, making it more palatable to businesses whose people running it don't want to talk about ethics too much.
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point....
jen20|6 months ago
s/open source/free software/
None of those licenses prevent Amazon-style freeloading though.
Zambyte|6 months ago
jibal|6 months ago
jakelazaroff|6 months ago
Doubly so when they relicense outside contributors' work with a closed source license because those contributors signed a CLA.
arp242|6 months ago
And lets be real here: https://github.com/HermanMartinus/bearblog/graphs/contributo...
Looking at the details of that, the only two (small) substantial code changes from other people are "User can delete their own account" from 2020, and "Use cloudflare online dns api to perform domain check" from 2021.
8organicbits|6 months ago
_puk|6 months ago
A commitment that any significant derivative retain the original (or some later version) of the original license.
"Free to do whatever as long as it retains this license. A commitment that this license will not change, even by the original author".
No special cases, just a blanket license for all derivatives.
If it exists, what are the barriers to adoption? Why don't we all use it?
unknown|6 months ago
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bachmeier|6 months ago
If you aren't interested in open source, that's your option, but open source has had a clear meaning for decades. You can use/write your software and people that believe in open source can use/write open source. What's the problem?
Aurornis|6 months ago
If I’ve learned anything from reading HN comments, it’s that “open source” means different things to different people, including those who believe themselves to have specific knowledge of the history of the topic.
There are half a dozen different claims about the original meaning of “open source” in this comment section alone. They’re coming from people citing history and notable figures from open source past.
nothrabannosir|6 months ago
jaredklewis|6 months ago
If one of those options places restrictions on the users, then those users are probably going to choose one of the other options.
As a result, licensing your project GPL or the like usually means relegating it to obscurity. There are very notable exceptions, including Linux and WordPress, but they are outliers. It's hard to monetize an MIT project, but it is even harder to monetize a project without users.
Whether this is "good" or "bad" is a separate debate (err, usually flame war), but I think many people gloss over that this is a coordination problem and that everyone is acting rationally. For better or worse, software does not seem to be scarce.
zelphirkalt|6 months ago
NoahZuniga|6 months ago
eadmund|6 months ago
> If one of those options places restrictions on the users, then those users are probably going to choose one of the other options.
First, if someone isn’t paying, he’s not buying. ‘Paying’ should be understood broadly, e.g. code as well as money counts. A company paying dollars really doesn’t care that much about the license — plenty of companies pay for proprietarily-licensed products (even ridiculously limited ones, with dongles and high seat prices). OTOH, a company ‘paying’ with code contributions should prefer the GPL, because it knows that its contributions will never be taken away from it.
Second, the GPL does not restrict users; it restricts developers from restricting users.
The GPL family is the right way for individuals and companies to form a software commons in which all can benefit.
aatd86|6 months ago
A MIT licensed project on the other hand, I personally consider like a potential liability more often than not. Not different from any piece of code I could find on stackoverflow. Not something that is serious. Even if it were tied to a big corpo, that would probably become fast unsupported.
landdate|6 months ago
Subjective. Sure if you are talking about percent of market share, but it's a huge market, you don't need to capture even 1% of users to have a viable business.
The vast majority of the GNU ecosystem is GPL. Bash, git, Apache, Gimp, Blender, Libreoffice.
There are also a lot of projects that are dual licensed, allowing commercial software to be charged a fee and non-commercial software to use for free with GPL.
omnicognate|6 months ago
Isn't this what the AGPL is for? That's an OSI approved "open source" license that places restrictions on people making the software accessible as a network service.
happymellon|6 months ago
They want to seem altruistic but want to also be the only provider.
GPL would have been a better initial license, and AGPL would have been the next logical step to ensure that changes that hosted services make can come back to the original version.
I'm not entirely sure what they were hoping to get by making an extremely permissive licensed piece of software, but competition doesn't appear to be it.
ahartmetz|6 months ago
echoangle|6 months ago
cinericius|6 months ago
jraph|6 months ago
Now, we can agree and talk about unfortunate consequences and possible mitigations.
The AGPL is one possible mitigation: Big corps are usually afraid of it. But they do themselves: the AGPL doesn't forbid them to use the thing.
pxc|6 months ago
Freedom 0 is the freedom to run the software for any purpose. You can't deny users this freedom "for their own good", or to spite big corporations, and still be free software.
Subtler issues of power and dependency won't be resolved through licensing alone, and certainly not by compromising on basic software freedom for users.
benrutter|6 months ago
That doesn't mean I think everything has to be open source. Bear is a blogging platform trying to make money and it seems fine to me for it not to be open source.
lmm|6 months ago
People are cold to source-available projects because of their experience of source-available projects. If you want to benefit from the warm reputation that open source has, you need to offer the things that open source offers. If you want to do some novel thing, that's fine, but your novel thing will have to earn its reputation.
orthoxerox|6 months ago
This statement is 100% correct. Open means open for everyone. There's a "but they are providing FOSS as a service on a proprietary platform", which seems like the next step on the LGPL-GPL-AGPL stairway of licenses, but SSPL failed to convince anyone it was a necessary freedom:
- MongoDB Inc obviously had no plans to release their own SaaS platform under SSPL
- AWS source code being released wouldn't have benefited anyone other than maybe other major cloud providers
Spivak|6 months ago
cinericius|6 months ago
zitterbewegung|6 months ago
vova_hn|6 months ago
Also, MIT license in particular is much shorter and easier to understand for a non-lawyer, than most other software licenses.
supriyo-biswas|6 months ago
DaSHacka|6 months ago
saghm|6 months ago
From what I can tell, the argument against including stuff that's called source available in the category of open source basically boils down to the OSI definition, but it doesn't seem reasonable to me for an organization to claim exclusive rights to a very generic-sounding term with an intuitive definition that clashes with how they want to define it. If there's a concern over the pollution of their brand, they should be trying to trademark it, and if there's not, the constant backlash against anyone using the term in a way that conflicts with their definition is pretty antisocial. I recognize that this battle is probably already lost, but I'm not sure I'll ever understand why as a community we seem to have been happy to police usage of an unintuitive definition through public pressure just to try to make a point that doesn't seem to have nearly as much consensus behind it as the expectation of uniformity would imply.
SamInTheShell|6 months ago
account42|6 months ago
You don't get to just redefine terms if you find them inconvenient and people are right to push back against such attempts. If you want something else, put in the work to get mind share for your model instead of trying to catch a free ride by taking over an established one.
gr4vityWall|6 months ago
That term already exists: it's proprietary software.
If you're going to restrict what users can do with their copies of the program, please do not try to label the program as Free Software / open-source.
ahartmetz|6 months ago
mynameisvlad|6 months ago
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didibus|6 months ago
Open-source normally means there's no use restrictions, but there could be some requirements in order to do so (like attribution).
Free software normally means there's no use restrictions, but modifications can mandate maintaining the modifications also free to use, retaining the same freedoms.
And if you fray from those, you can call it source-available and the specifics of what usage restrictions exist are per-license.
sneak|6 months ago
It’s a gift. Once you gift it, it is no longer yours, it belongs to the people to whom you have given it to, to do whatever they wish with.
singpolyma3|6 months ago
sarlalian|6 months ago
thayne|6 months ago
BrenBarn|6 months ago
I think some people lose sight of the difference between the theoretical possibility of competing forks/implementations/services and the practical possibility. If a big enough organization gets ahold of something and begins to drive it, the fact that it's nominally open source may not be enough to ensure that people have a practical ability to get out from under that organization. In other words you need not just openness of "information" but actual open space to maneuver in the real world of food and money and markets and so on.
In many cases for-profit companies have taken up (or created) open source tools and made use of them in ways that still benefited the community at large. But it's not clear to me that FOSS licenses as we know them actually guarantee that. It doesn't seem unreasonable to me to want to build safeguards against open source software being weaponized or co-opted for unfree purposes.
One thing that's not clear from the Bearblog dev's post is whether he would be open to small-scale "competitors" who share an ethos similar to his own. In theory such competitors could be granted special license exceptions. If I were in his position I could see myself wanting to exclude big companies (and companies that hope to become big) while allowing small operators. The challenge is to create an enforceable license that encodes that, rather than requiring the author to manually approve or deny each request.
unknown|6 months ago
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4ndrewl|6 months ago
Illniyar|6 months ago
I don't think anyone has a problem with the non open source licenses themselves. If you start with a closed source license or whatever, that's fine. It is switching from an open source licenses to something that is not.
A lot of the projects that later switched out of open source would have never gotten any traction if they started with the license they ended up with.
heavyset_go|6 months ago
There are factions in open source advocacy, ranging from laissez faire views of freedom to views of freedom as something that needs some limitations to conserve it and prevent abuses/tragedy of the commons/etc.
jeswin|6 months ago
account42|6 months ago
Having the option for competing service providers (including yourself) is a big advantage of open source.
moralestapia|6 months ago
I don't owe that guy s*it, what are you talking about.
He's actually doing a disservice to the OSS community, as there's now another story of OSS turning non-OSS out of greed, which damages (by a bit, but still) the whole aura that true OSS has built over the past 40 years.
digdugdirk|6 months ago
tombert|6 months ago
I mean this stuff isn't just theoretical, there have been video games where we only find out they violated the GPL after a major code breach. [1]
[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20129285
type0|6 months ago
it's not copyleft, it's a version of freeware license
kelnos|6 months ago
That's because then it isn't. Sorry, but you can't just take terms with an accepted meaning and decide they mean something else, without any conversation or consensus from there people using that term.
The OSI has a specific definition of what "open source" means[0]. Restricting what users of the software can do in this way is in direct opposition to parts of that definition, so no, if you do that, then it is no longer open source.
I'm not saying you aren't entitled to set up your licensing that way. I think it's disgusting when the likes of Amazon decide to take someone's hard work and use their massive oligopolist position to trivially outcompete anything the original author might try to do to make some money.
But that doesn't mean it's open source. I think people need to stop being so afraid to call their software something else. They seem to be really attached to the idea of being an "open source developer", and don't want to drop that moniker even after changing their licensing away from open source.
People also need to stop licensing their software under true OSS licenses, building a community of regular, significant contributors around it, and then changing their licensing (which they can do because they've [IMO shadily] required contributors to reassign copyright). That's a huge bait-and-switch, and people are right to be upset when that happens.
In the case of Bearblog, it seems like the author is really the only significant contributor, so I think what he's doing is totally fine, for the record. Frankly I think he did this the right way: his announcement email is entirely reasonable and sympathetic, and he doesn't try to breathlessly claim that his software is still open source.
[0] https://opensource.org/osd [1]
[1] While I don't love how the OSI folks basically just decided they own the term "open source" and that they get to define it, I think they've been pretty good stewards over time, and having clear-cut definitions of things is a good thing.
unknown|6 months ago
[deleted]
aatd86|6 months ago
senko|6 months ago
Exactly! As RMS famously put it[0]:
> It is essential, for the sake of true freedom, that every user - including the humble billionaire overlord who owns a rocket factory - has the unfettered right to run the software we, the noble proletariat of unpaid maintainers, lovingly craft in our basements at 3 a.m. Our highest ethical duty is to empower Jeff Bezos to instantiate yet another Kubernetes cluster that bills government agencies by the millisecond, for freedom means all users, especially those with yachts shaped like smaller yachts. Therefore, to deny Amazon the liberty to exploit our software without a cent of reciprocation would be to shackle the very essence of the Four Freedoms, for Freedom Zero is, and always has been, the sacred right of the richest man alive to squeeze the last drops of value from our volunteer patches while whispering “thank you for your contribution” into the abyss of a PR bot.
On a more serious note:
> I argue that the natural winner-take-all dynamics of the marketplace are not beneficial to the the mission of free and open source software.
Now, if said software was intended to run on users machines to actually empower the user, we wouldn't be in this pickle, wouldn't we?
I don't see Amazon freeloading off of GNOME, KDE, LibreOffice, Blender or GIMP.
No, I would argue the root cause of the problems here is that bros want to own their users (saas to the moon) and think open source is the way to do it. I say, fork those people!
As the author of Bear put in this very article:
> I wanted the code to be available for people to learn from, and to make it easily auditable so users could validate claims I have made about the privacy and security of the platform.
>
> Unfortunately over the years there have been cases of people forking the project in the attempt to set up a competing service.
Nowhere here is the intent for users to host the blogs themselves. No, he wants uses to use his service, not his software.
Fair enough, but that shouldn't have been open source in the first place. The author is just rectifying a mistake he made previously.
If the author had actually wanted end users to use his software, he wouldn't care who runs it. Look at Hugo, they're doing alright.
> enabling these companies to ensnare unsuspecting users
Well, to me, as a user, Bear is the company that ensnares me unexpectedly, because it tells me it's running open source but the minute I want to run it myself, oh no, I'm freeloading.
Whenever I see a project that requires a Kubernetes cluster to do something people would have in the past done in 15 files of C, I know they don't care about me as an empowered user in the "free software" sense. They see me as "a user" in a drug-addict sense.
F that.
[0] he never said that, obviously
38|6 months ago
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wahnfrieden|6 months ago
jakelazaroff|6 months ago
brookst|6 months ago
cgijoe|6 months ago
yencabulator|6 months ago
unknown|6 months ago
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rzzzt|6 months ago
api|6 months ago