[dumb1224]

Cellular level computational simulation existed a very long time and it's more impressive by the day because of large collections of experimental datasets available.

However to infer or predict celular acitivities you need a ton of domain knowledge and experties about particular cell types, biological processes and specific environments. Typically the successful ones are human curated and validated (e.g large interaction networks based on literature).

In cancer it's even more unpredictable because of the lack of good (experimental) models, in-vivo or in-vitro, representing what actually happens the clinically and biologically underneath. Given the single cell resolution, its uncertainty will also amplify because of how heterogeneous inter- and intra- tumours are.

Having said that, a foundation model is definitely the future for futher development. But with all of these things, the bigger the model, the harder the validation process.