[mbrumlow]

The buyer might pay more. If the importer (which is often a foreign institution) tries to pass the cost along to the customer. And the customer looks at the product group and decides to buy the higher priced item. But on average the tariff is doing what it was meant to do.

Promote the consumption products provided by a different vendor. Namely ones that tariffs don’t apply to.

It’s not a hard concept to understand, and talking about who pays is a distraction. Namely because it will be case by case involving 3 or more parties who won’t all chose the same choices they have every time.