[toprerules]

DPDK is a framework with multiple backends, on the receive side it can use XDP to intercept packets.

You can't compare the efficiency of the frameworks without talking about the specific setups on the host. The major advantage of XDP is that it is completely baked into the kernel. All you need to do is bring your eBPF program and attach it. DPDK requires a great deal of setup and user space libraries to work.