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gsliepen | 3 months ago

They shouldn't; the whole point is that the IP header is enough to route packets between endpoints, and only the endpoints should care about any higher layer protocols. But unfortunately some routers do, and if you have NAT then the NAT device needs to examine the TCP or UDP header to know how to forward those packets.

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jadamson|3 months ago

Notably, QUIC (and thus HTTP/3) uses UDP instead of a new protocol number for this reason.

stavros|3 months ago

Yeah, this is basically what I was wondering, why QUIC used UDP instead of their own protocol if it's so straightforward. It seems like the answer may be "it's not as interference-free as they'd like it".

Hikikomori|3 months ago

Can also NAT using IP protocol.