[Measter]

> On the other hand, signed integer overflow being UB would count for C/C++

C and C++ don't actually have an advantage here because this is only limited to signed integers unless you use compiler-specific intrinsics. Rust's standard library allows you to make overflow on any specific arithmetic operation UB on both signed and unsigned integers.

[OskarS]

It's interesting, because it's a "cultural" thing like the author discusses, it's a very good point. Sure, you can do unsafe integer arithmetic in Rust. And you can do safe integer arithmetic with overflow in C/C++. But in both cases, do you? Probably you don't in either case.

"Culturally", C/C++ has opted for "unsafe-but-high-perf" everywhere, and Rust has "safe-but-slightly-lower-perf" everywhere, and you have to go out of your way to do it differently. Similarly with Zig and memory allocators: sure, you can do "dynamically dispatched stateful allocators that you pass to every function that allocates" in C, but do you? No, you probably don't, you probably just use malloc().

On the other hand: the author's point that the "culture of safety" and the borrow checker in Rust frees your hand to try some things in Rust which you might not in C/C++, and that leads to higher perf. I think that's very true in many cases.

Again, the answer is more or less "basically no, all these languages are as fast as each other", but the interesting nuance is in what is natural to do as an experienced programmer in them.

[Xirdus]

C++ isn't always "unsafe-but-high-perf". Move semantics are a good example. The spec goes to great lengths to ensure safety in a huge number of scenarios, at the cost of performance. Mostly shows up in two ways: one, unnecessary destructor calls on moved out objects, and two, allowing throwing exceptions in move constructors which prevents most optimizations that would be enabled by having move constructors in the first place (there was an article here recently on this topic).

Another one is std::shared_ptr. It always uses atomic operations for reference counting and there's no way to disable that behavior or any alternative to use when you don't need thread safety. On the other hand, Rust has both non-atomic Rc and atomic Arc.

[the8472]

The rust standard library does make targeted use of unchecked arithmetic when the containing type can ensure that that overflow never happens and benchmarks have shown that it benefits performance. E.g. in various iterator implementations. Which means the unsafe code has to be written and encapsulated once, users can now use safe for loops and still get that performance benefit.